William A. Lonneman

Environmental Protection Agency

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Robert L. Seila

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Tadeusz E. Kleindienst

Research Triangle Park Foundation

Stanley L. Kopczynski

Environmental Protection Agency

Joseph J. Bufalini

Environmental Protection Agency

E. C. Apel

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

A. P. Altshuller

Environmental Protection Agency

Viney P. Aneja

North Carolina State University

Jack G. Calvert

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

Michael Lewandowski

Research Triangle Park Foundation

D. D. Riemer

University of Göttingen

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Environmental Protection Agency

Research Triangle Park Foundation

University of Colorado Boulder

Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research

Triangle

NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory

University of California, Berkeley

NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory

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Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley

Atmospheric chemistry and physics (2014)

Drew R. Gentner T. B. Ford A. Guha K. Boulanger J. Brioude

Abstract. Petroleum and dairy operations are prominent sources of gas-phase organic compounds in California's San Joaquin Valley. It is essential to understand the emissions and air quality impacts of these relatively understudied sources, especially for oil/gas operations in light of increasing US production. Ground site measurements in Bakersfield and regional aircraft measurements of reactive gas-phase organic compounds and methane were part of the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) project to determine the sources contributing to regional gas-phase organic carbon emissions. Using a combination of near-source and downwind data, we assess the composition and magnitude of emissions, and provide average source profiles. To examine the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley, we developed a statistical modeling method using ground-based data and the FLEXPART-WRF transport and meteorological model. We present evidence for large sources of paraffinic hydrocarbons from petroleum operations and oxygenated compounds from dairy (and other cattle) operations. In addition to the small straight-chain alkanes typically associated with petroleum operations, we observed a wide range of branched and cyclic alkanes, most of which have limited previous in situ measurements or characterization in petroleum operation emissions. Observed dairy emissions were dominated by ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, and methane. Dairy operations were responsible for the vast majority of methane emissions in the San Joaquin Valley; observations of methane were well correlated with non-vehicular ethanol, and multiple assessments of the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley highlight the dominance of dairy operations for methane emissions. The petroleum operations source profile was developed using the composition of non-methane hydrocarbons in unrefined natural gas associated with crude oil. The observed source profile is consistent with fugitive emissions of condensate during storage or processing of associated gas following extraction and methane separation. Aircraft observations of concentration hotspots near oil wells and dairies are consistent with the statistical source footprint determined via our FLEXPART-WRF-based modeling method and ground-based data. We quantitatively compared our observations at Bakersfield to the California Air Resources Board emission inventory and find consistency for relative emission rates of reactive organic gases between the aforementioned sources and motor vehicles in the region. We estimate that petroleum and dairy operations each comprised 22% of anthropogenic non-methane organic carbon at Bakersfield and were each responsible for 8–13% of potential precursors to ozone. Yet, their direct impacts as potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors were estimated to be minor for the source profiles observed in the San Joaquin Valley.

San Joaquin

10.5194/acp-14-4955-2014

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Citations (66)

Evaluation of polyvinyl fluoride as a container material for air pollution samples

Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A Environmental Science and Engineering (1976)

Robert L. Seila William A. Lonneman S.A. Meeks

Abstract Data from an oxidant transport study in Ohio and ambient air bag irradiation experiments in St. Louis indicated that polyvinyl fluoride containers may produce sample contamination. Subsequent experiments established that solvent or other manufacturing residues contaminate the film, and that upon irradiation compounds are produced which interfere with the analysis of hydrocarbons commonly found in ambient air. This renders polyvinyl fluoride unsuitable as a photochemical reaction container for air pollution studies. Hydrocarbon samples can be stored in polyvinyl fluoride bags if the bag material has not been exposed to sunlight or artificial light.

10.1080/10934527609385760

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Citations (12)

Receptor Modeling Approach to VOC Emission Inventory Validation

Journal of Environmental Engineering (1995)

Donna Kenski Richard A. Wadden Peter A. Scheff William A. Lonneman

The chemical-mass-balance (CMB) receptor model is a method for determining specific-source contributions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to concentrations of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) measured in the ambient air. Because the method is based on air measurements, it offers an independent check on emission inventories developed by more traditional permit, survey, emission factor, and source-test techniques. This paper reports on the application of the CMB model to speciated NMOC air-measurement data sets collected during the summers of 1984–88 in five U.S. cities: Detroit; Chicago; Beaumont, Tex.; Atlanta; and Washington, D.C. Sources modeled were vehicle tailpipe emissions, fugitive gasoline-vapor emissions, architectural coating solvents, emissions from graphic arts, petroleum refineries, coke ovens, and polyethylene production. Comparisons of the CMB allocation of NMOC to emission inventory allocation of VOC for each city is discussed. Agreement with Environmental Protection Agency inventories for the five cities was generally very good for vehicles. Refinery inventory estimates are lower than CMB estimates by more than a factor of 10 in Chicago and Detroit. Trajectory analysis was used to validate coefficients for coke ovens.

Emission inventory

Volatile organic compound

Fugitive emissions

Clean Air Act

Refinery

10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1995)121:7(483)

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Citations (23)

Non-methane organic composition in the Lincoln Tunnel

Environmental Science & Technology (1986)

William A. Lonneman Robert L. Seila S.A. Meeks

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNon-methane organic composition in the Lincoln TunnelWilliam A. Lonneman, Robert L. Seila, and Sarah A. MeeksCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1986, 20, 8, 790–796Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00150a005https://doi.org/10.1021/es00150a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts

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10.1021/es00150a005

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Citations (103)

Removal of Hydrocarbon Exhaust Interference in Ethylene-Ozone Chemiluminescent Instruments

Environmental Letters (1973)

William A. Lonneman

Abstract Without proper ventilation, high ethylene concentrations exhausted in the ethylene-ozone chemiluminescent procedure present a hazard of flammability and cause interference problems in air sample analyses. The catalytic oxidation by palladium of ethylene to carbon dioxide and water at the catalyst temperature of 335°C is a simple, efficient, and inexpensive method of eliminating the problems. Key Words: catalytic oxidationchemiluminescent methodethylene-ozonehydrocarbon exhaust

10.1080/00139307309435489

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Evaluation of an Air Quality Health Index for Predicting the Mutagenicity of Simulated Atmospheres

Environmental Science & Technology (2018)

Jose Zavala Jonathan D. Krug Sarah H. Warren Q. Todd Krantz Charly King

No study has evaluated the mutagenicity of atmospheres with a calculated air quality health index (AQHI). Thus, we generated in a UV-light-containing reaction chamber two simulated atmospheres (SAs) with similar AQHIs but different proportions of criteria pollutants and evaluated them for mutagenicity in three Salmonella strains at the air-agar interface. We continuously injected into the chamber gasoline, nitric oxide, and ammonium sulfate, as well as either α-pinene to produce SA-PM, which had a high concentration of particulate matter (PM): 119 ppb ozone (O3), 321 ppb NO2, and 1007 μg/m3 PM2.5; or isoprene to produce SA-O3, which had a high ozone (O3) concentration: 415 ppb O3, 633 ppb NO2, and 55 μg/m3 PM2.5. Neither PM2.5 extracts, NO2, or O3 alone, nor nonphoto-oxidized mixtures were mutagenic or cytotoxic. Both photo-oxidized atmospheres were largely direct-acting base-substitution mutagens with similar mutagenic potencies in TA100 and TA104. The mutagenic potencies [(revertants/h)/(mgC/m3)] of SA-PM (4.3 ± 0.4) and SA-O3 (9.5 ± 1.3) in TA100 were significantly different ( P < 0.0001), but the mutation spectra were not ( P = 0.16), being ∼54% C → T and ∼46% C → A. Thus, the AQHI may have some predictive value for the mutagenicity of the gas phase of air.

Isoprene

10.1021/acs.est.8b00613

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Citations (13)

Resilience As a Life Practice

Journal of Christian Nursing (2015)

Jamie Leslie Janet N. Wray William A. Lonneman

One method for developing personal resilience is to listen to the stories of others who developed resilience. This article highlights the elements of spiritual practice, relationships, and education, as experienced by the first American saint, Elizabeth Ann Seton. Seton worked through immense suffering, demonstrating integration, adjustment, and growth. Her life story is an example of resilience as a practice that nurses can learn from today.

Resilience

10.1097/cnj.0000000000000246

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Citations (0)

Rapid Determination of Aldehydes in Air Analyses

Analytical Letters (1980)

Richard L. Kuntz William A. Lonneman G.R. Namie L. A. Hull

Abstract A simple analytical method for aldehyde determinations in ambient air is described. The method involved trapping the aldehydes as their DNPH derivatives in acetonitrile solution and then direct injection and analysis of the resulting solution on a reversed phase HPLC column with simultaneous detection at 254 and 360 nm. Several comparison studies are described.

10.1080/00032718008081377

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Citations (52)

Toxicological assessments of rats exposed prenatally to inhaled vapors of gasoline and gasoline–ethanol blends

Neurotoxicology and Teratology (2015)

Philip J. Bushnell Tracey E. Beasley Paul A. Evansky Sheppard A. Martin Katherine L. McDaniel

Litter

10.1016/j.ntt.2015.02.004

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Citations (7)

Characterizing reduced sulfur compounds emissions from a swine concentrated animal feeding operation

Atmospheric Environment (2014)

Ian C. Rumsey Viney P. Aneja William A. Lonneman

Animal waste

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.041

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Citations (22)