La minería es el principal rubro económico que genera divisas para Ecuador, sin embargo, el arduo trabajo ergonómico y el uso de sustancias químicas afectan al ecosistema y la salud humana. Los metales pesados poseen características específicas de bioacumulación y biodisponibilidad en el organismo humano, alterando la fisiología de la sinapsis neuronal, membrana alveolo respiratoria, aparato locomotor así como alteraciones en el sistema genético y displasias celulares. Por lo que el estudio examina los efectos en la salud del individuo y su relación con la actividad minera, mediante la exposición a contaminantes tóxicos determinados como factores de riesgo para los mineros, población del cantón Portovelo provincia de El Oro-Ecuador. Esta actividad tradicionalmente la realizan sin observar medidas de bioseguridad tanto en la mina, túneles estrechos y calurosos, en el trasporte del material, también en las plantas de beneficio, donde se procesan obtienen el oro, plata y otros metales, convirtiéndose en peligro constante. Los resultados revelan problemas de salud que afectan al aparato locomotor, sistema nervioso y problemas congénitos. Su severidad está dada por la dosis, la edad, la duración, las vías de exposición, y factores ambientales, nutricionales y genéticos. AbstractMining is the main economic sector that generates incomes for Ecuador; however, the hard ergonomic work and use of chemicals affect the ecosystem and human health. Heavy metals have specific characteristics of bioaccumulation and bioavailability in the human body by altering the physiology of neuronal synapses, respiratory alveolar membrane, locomotor system and alterations in the genetic system and cell dysplasia. So this study examines the effects on human health of individuals and their relation to mining activities by exposure to certain toxic pollutants as risk factors for miners, population of Portovelo Canton, province of El Oro-Ecuador. This activity is traditionally performed without following biosecurity actions both in the mine, narrow and hot tunnels, in the transport of material, also in processing plants where gold, silver, and other metals are processed becoming constant danger. The results of this study show health problems affecting the locomotor system, nervous system and congenital problems. Its severity depends on the dose, age, time of exposure, ways of exposure and environmental, nutritional and genetic factors.
The mollusk tuberculosa (Sowerby, 1833) (Arcidae), known in Ecuador with the common name of Concha Prieta, in Mexico as the clam Pata de Mula, in France with the name Arche Noire and in England as Blood Cockle, is a mangrove bivalve exploited all along the Pacific coast. It is a species with great possibilities for fishing development. In its adult phase, it lives only in mangrove swamps, always associated with the red mangrove Rhizophora mangle in the intertidal zone, where it grows almost completely buried in the mud. In Colombia, where it is called Piangua, it is one of the most exploited bivalve species on the Pacific coast. The artisanal activity which benefits the communities is usually performed by families that collect these mollusks for food or to commercialize them in the local market. Currently, the resource, besides being used for consumption and local commerce, is being exported from Colombia to Ecuador. In Ecuador, a constant extraction has been maintained during the period 2004-2008, with an estimated total landing of 55.3 million shells among all receiving ports. In the Province of El Oro, the extraction and commercialization of Anadara tuberculosa is an economic activity with low performance and absence of added value in the production chain. The objective of this research is to explore the problem of agribusiness in the value chain of the bivalve mollusk Anadara tuberculosa. Specifically, to establish its possible causes and consequences, as part of a broader research oriented towards the development of an agribusiness management model that promotes its sustainable exploitation and entry into international markets, in particular the European market, in which consumers of Latin American origin, represent a segment that could be interested in its intake, complying with the added value standards and quality required.
espanolABSTRACTOrganizational justice entails understanding how the employees of a company appreciate the decision-making of managers in the management of a company. Regarding this aspect, this paper aims to establish the perception of organizational justice of employees at the Universidad Tecnica de Machala (UTMACH), Ecuador. In order to fulfill the proposed purpose, 400 servers of the UTMACH were surveyed, having the statistical-descriptive and exploratory as research methodology. Cronbach's statistical test yielded an alpha of 0.939, which means a high confidence in the data collected. According to the results, it is concluded that the perception of human talent differs in each of the phases of administrative management, because in some cases the statistical verification corroborated the fact that the perception was favorable and in other cases did not generate any effect. There is a certain level of incidence in the organization and planning phases, but it is practically incipient; that is, human talent shows no greater interest in the changes. As for the management phase, the pattern is repeated in a similar way to the planning, since the appreciation of the employees changes before a modification of the policies applied by the leader. As far as control is concerned, there is no impact on the perception of human talent. espanolRESUMENJusticia organizacional conlleva a entender como los trabajadores de una empresa aprecian la toma de decisiones de los mandos directivos en la administracion de una empresa. En torno a este aspecto, este trabajo tiene por objetivo establecer la percepcion de la justicia organizacional de los empleados en la Universidad Tecnica de Machala (UTMACH), Ecuador. Para cumplir con el proposito propuesto, se encuestaron 400 servidores de la UTMACH, teniendo como metodologia de investigacion el estadistico-descriptivo y exploratorio. La prueba estadistica de Cronbach arrojo un alfa de 0,939, lo que significa una elevada confianza en los datos recopilados. De acuerdo con los resultados, se concluye que la percepcion del talento humano difiere en cada una de las fases de la gestion administrativa, debido a que en algunos casos la comprobacion estadistica corroboro el hecho de que la percepcion era favorable y en otros casos no generaba ningun efecto. En las fases de organizacion y de planificacion existe cierto nivel de incidencia, sin embargo practicamente es incipiente; es decir, el talento humano no manifiesta mayor interes ante los cambios suscitados. En cuanto a la fase de direccion, el patron se repite de modo similar a la planificacion, en vista de que la apreciacion de los empleados cambia ante una modificacion de las politicas aplicadas por el lider. En lo que respecta al control, no existe incidencia en la percepcion del talento humano
One of the most important global challenges is the eradication of gender inequality, an indicator that is constantly evaluated, and for which the countries of the world have developed public policies aimed at increasing the levels of equity in the population. The present investigation was carried out in the city of Machala, and for which it was proposed as an objective to establish the participation of women and men in agribusiness in the trade sector of agricultural inputs and veterinary services and their characteristics and as hypotheses that in the agribusiness in the sector of agricultural inputs and veterinary services, there is a great gender inequity, which is sought to scale; for its realization was taken the information of the national cadastre of agribusiness registered in Agrocalidad in the sector of agricultural inputs and veterinary services, which are a total of 75, of these, 35 were surveyed to determine the degree of equity and participation of the woman; the variables analyzed were the university academic degree of the local owners, the age and the reason to undertake. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test and using the statistical program SPSS 20. The results obtained demonstrate the low participation of women in this economic sector of the city of Machala.
Fernando Gonzalez Laxe e Isabel Novo Corti, Editor Jefe y Directora de AROEC, respectivamente, y Cesar Quezada Abad, Rector de la Universidad Tecnica de Machala (Ecuador), presentan este Numero Especial no seriado que incluye una recopilacion de los trabajos mas destacados presentados en La semana de la ciencia 2020, de la Universidad Tecnica de Machala, en Ecuador. (Descargar PDF)
La mineria es el principal rubro economico que genera divisas para Ecuador, sin embargo, el arduo trabajo ergonomico y eluso de sustancias quimicas afectan al ecosistema y la salud humana. Los metales pesados poseen caracteristicas especificasde bioacumulacion y biodisponibilidad en el organismo humano, alterando la fisiologia de la sinapsis neuronal, membrana alveolorespiratoria, aparato locomotor asi como alteraciones en el sistema genetico y displasias celulares. Por lo que el estudioexamina los efectos en la salud del individuo y su relacion con la actividad minera, mediante la exposicion a contaminantestoxicos determinados como factores de riesgo para los mineros, poblacion del canton Portovelo provincia de El Oro-Ecuador.Esta actividad tradicionalmente la realizan sin observar medidas de bioseguridad tanto en la mina, tuneles estrechos ycalurosos, en el trasporte del material, tambien en las plantas de beneficio, donde se procesan obtienen el oro, plata y otrosmetales, convirtiendose en peligro constante. Los resultados revelan problemas de salud que afectan al aparato locomotor,sistema nervioso y problemas congenitos. Su severidad esta dada por la dosis, la edad, la duracion, las vias de exposicion, yfactores ambientales, nutricionales y geneticos.
The ecosystem service values generated by agricultural production models can be used to improve the economic income of the farmer. As is the case of carbon storage or payments for the non-emission of CO2. In this context the objectives were set: to estimate in a plot of cocoa type CCN51 the storage levels of CO2 in litter and standing trees and to project the economic contribution for sequestering CO2. For this, three plots were selected where a 15 m transept was delimited, in each 5 m leaf litter samples were taken and the diameter of the cacao trees was measured, to estimate the volume. The process of quantifying the biomass was by means of alometric equations. The results indicated a greater accumulation of CO2 in the litter (436.96 kg ha-1), showing statistical significance (P <0.05) with respect to the value obtained in the trees (69.00 kg ha-1).
Karyotypic features of Rhoadsiaaltipinna Fowler, 1911 from Ecuador were investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes through Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR, and two-color-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for mapping of 18S and 5S ribosomal genes. The species exhibit a karyotype with 2n = 50, composed of 10 metacentric, 26 submetacentric and 14 subtelocentric elements, with a fundamental number FN=86 and is characterized by the presence of a larger metacentric pair (number 1), which is about 2/3 longer than the average length of the rest of the metacentric series. Sex chromosomes were not observed. Heterochromatin is identifiable on 44 chromosomes, distributed in paracentromeric position near the centromere. The first metacentric pair presents two well-defined heterochromatic blocks in paracentromeric position, near the centromere. Impregnation with silver nitrate showed a single pair of Ag-positive NORs localized at terminal regions of the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosome pair number 12. FISH assay confirmed these localization of NORs and revealed that minor rDNA clusters occur interstitially on the larger metacentric pair number 1. Comparison of results here reported with those available on other Characidae permit to hypothesize that the presence of a very large metacentric pair might represent a unique and derived condition that characterize one of four major lineages molecularly identified in this family.
La tilapia es un pez dulceacuícola originario del África que posee muchas características que la convierten en un excelente pez para acuicultura, pero también es considerada como una de las especies exóticas invasoras más peligrosas del mundo debido a su adaptabilidad y potencial reproductivo. En este ensayo se analiza el dilema entre las bondades de estos peces como alternativa para contribuir con la seguridad agroalimentaria y la amenaza que representa para la biodiversidad acuática de Ecuador. La ausencia de información oficial hace necesario investigar el efecto de las invasiones por tilapia en los ríos, lagunas y esteros colonizados por esta especie. El nivel de acción para prevenir, erradicar o controlar la tilapia en Ecuador ha sido muy limitado y por lo tanto se impone la necesidad de establecer estrategias para evitar su propagación hacia áreas aún no invadidas. Aunque el gobierno de Ecuador posee regulaciones que restringen la introducción de especies exóticas, la realidad es que, en el caso de la tilapia, lejos de establecer controles adecuados, el cultivo de estos peces es impulsado sin mayores objeciones. Se discute la posibilidad de adoptar estrategias de control biológico para erradicar y/o mitigar las consecuencias de la invasión por tilapias en el país y la necesidad de fomentar campañas educativas para crear un nuevo comportamiento ambiental, conciencia y responsabilidad en la sociedad.