To investigate new genes related to renal damage of diabetic hypertension rats for exploring its mechanism, the model of diabetic hypertension rats was established by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Urine protein of this model rats continued posiotive and ultrastructure of their renal cortex changed. Fluorecence-labelled differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot were used to isolate and identify the genes that showed transcription changes in the renal cortex between the unitary hypertension and diabetic hypertension rats. Four differential fragments were obtained, two of which were novel whereas the other two showed significant similarity with rat amyloidogenic glycoprotein and CDK109 respectively according to the public database of Genbank. Via the application of bioinformatics the altered renal mRNA expression of these genes associated with diabetic hypertension suggested that they were the candidates for a role in the development of the nephropathy.
Objective
To explore the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural communities.
Methods
Between June 2010 and June 2012, 212 stable COPD patients were randomly divided into management group (n=107) and control group (n=105). All patients received conventional treatment. In addition, 107 stable COPD patients relying on new rural cooperative medical service station in management group underwent community comprehensive rehabilitation including training in respiratory function, exercise training, nutrition intervention and psychological care. Effect of lung function, symptoms (times of acute attack & hospitalization) and quality-of-life (QOL) rated by SF-36 questionnaire between two groups were recorded at Month 6.
Results
The score changes of QOL had significant inter-group differences between 2 groups for PCS (scores for physical component summary) and MCS (scores for mental component summary) (11.4±8.2 vs.1.6±1.2, 5.5±3.5 vs.2.2±0.9, all P<0.01). In the scores for physical component summary, the score change of physical function, physiological function, body pain and general health were significantly different between two groups (6.7±4.3 vs.1.2±0.8, 10.9±6.3 vs.1.9±1.5, 6.4±4.7 vs. 3.6±2.7, 3.2±2.7 vs.1.6±1.1, P<0.01). In the scores for mental component summary, the score change of vitality, emotional function, social function and mental health were significantly different between two groups (4.9±3.2 vs.1.9±1.4, 2.7±2.1 vs.1.6±1.1, 11.6±9.2 vs.3.6±2.3, 6.7±4.3 vs.1.4±0.9, P<0.01). The times of acute attack and hospitalization were obviously lower than those of the control group. No significant inter-group difference existed in lung function.
Conclusion
Comprehensive rehabilitation may improve the QOL in stable COPD patients in rural communities and reduce their times of acute attack.
Key words:
Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Intervention studies; Treatment outcome
Sorafenib, an orally available kinase inhibitor, is the standard first-line systemic drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and it exerts potent inhibitory activity against epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multidrug resistance (MDR) by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in HCC. However, after long-term exposure to sorafenib, HCC cells exhibit EMT and resistance to sorafenib. The activation of AKT by sorafenib is thought to be responsible for the development of these characteristics. The present study aims to examine the underlying mechanism and seek potential strategies to reverse this resistance and the progression to EMT. Sorafenib-resistant cells showed increased metastatic and invasive ability, with a higher expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), compared with the parental cells. This phenomenon was at least partially due to EMT and the appearance of MDR in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Moreover, MDR was a downstream molecular event of EMT. Silencing Snail with siRNA blocked EMT and partially reversed the MDR, thereby markedly abolishing invasion and metastasis in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells, but silencing of MDR1 had no effect on the EMT phenotype. Additionally, HCC parental cells that were stably transfected with pCDNA3.1-Snail exhibited EMT and MDR. Two sorafenib-resistant HCC cell lines, established from human HCC HepG2 and Huh7 cells, were refractory to sorafenib-induced growth inhibition but were sensitive to MK-2206, a novel allosteric AKT inhibitor. Thus, the combination of sorafenib and MK-2206 led to significant reversion of the EMT phenotype and P-gp-mediated MDR by downregulating phosphorylated AKT. These findings underscore the significance of EMT, MDR and enhanced PI3K/AKT signaling in sorafenib-resistant HCC cells.
Objective. Anti-DFS70 antibodies correlating with the nuclear dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern in the HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) are less common in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) than in healthy subjects and their clinical associations remain elusive. We hosted a multi-center HEp-2 IFA training program to improve the ability of clinical laboratories to recognize the DFS pattern and to investigate the prevalence and relevance of anti-DFS70 antibodies. Methods. DFS pattern sera identified by HEp-2 IFA in 29 centers in China were redirected to a central laboratory for anti-DFS70 testing by line immunoblot assay (LIA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and IFA with HEp-2 ELITE/DFS70-KO substrate. Anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibodies were measured by LIA and the clinical relevance was examined in adult and pediatric patients. Results. HEp-2 IFA positive rate and DFS pattern in positive sera were 36.2% (34,417/95,131) and 1.7% (582/34,417) in the patient cohort, and 10.0% (423/4,234) and 7.8% (33/423) in a healthy population. Anti-DFS70 prevalence among sera presenting the DFS pattern was 96.0%, 93.7%, and 49.6% by ELISA, LIA, and HEp-2 ELITE, respectively. 15.5% (52/336) of adult and 50.0% (20/40) of pediatric anti-DFS70 positive patients were diagnosed with SARD. Diseases most common in anti-DFS70 positive patients were spontaneous abortion (28.0%) in adults and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (22.5%) in pediatric patients. Conclusion. Accurate DFS pattern identification increased the detection rate of anti-DFS70 antibodies by ELISA and LIA. Anti-DFS70 antibodies are remarkably high in cases of spontaneous abortion and in pediatric SARD patients, but not prevalent in adult SARD patients.
Abstract Renal pathology was a commonly seen complication in patients with diabetes. Geniposide ( GPO ) was previously demonstrated to modulate glucose metabolism in diabetes. This study was to investigate effects of GPO in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats and its underlying mechanism. Renal function in diabetic rats was evaluated by levels of serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ), and urinary albumin. Renal inflammation was appraised by inflammatory cells infiltration and pro‐inflammatory cytokines production. Renal monocytes, T lymphocytes infiltration, and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 ( ICAM ‐1) expression were quantitated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, renal nuclear factor‐kappa B ( NF ‐κB) was assayed by Western blotting. Diabetic rats showed renal dysfunction as evidenced by increased levels of Scr, BUN , urinary albumin, and elevator renal index. Histological examination revealed significant glomerular basement membrane ( GBM ) thickening. However, GPO notably improved renal function and diabetes‐induced GBM changes. Additionally, diabetic rats showed noteworthy renal inflammation,as reflected by enhancement of monocytes and T lymphocytes infiltration, increased expression of ICAM ‐1, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1 ( IL ‐1), and IL ‐6. Interestingly, the level of monocytes infiltration positively correlated with the severity of GBM . Further study indicated diabetic rats displayed increased activation of NF ‐κB, indicated by increased expression of NF ‐κB p65, IKK α, and p‐IκBα in renal tissue. However, all the changes in renal inflammation and NF ‐κB pathway were obviously reversed in GPO ‐treated diabetic rats. Our works indicate GPO ameliorates structural and functional abnormalities of kidney in diabetic rats, which is associated with its suppression of NF ‐κB‐mediated inflammatory response.
ABSTRACT This study explored the soluble forms of PD-1 and sPD-L1/2 in serum and urine of patients with head and neck cancer (HNCs) and associated the data with clinical state and 5-year survival. The sPD-1 and sPD-L1/2 levels were evaluated by ELISA in sufferers (N=110) and normal controls (N=82). Patients in the case group were more likely to be male smokers or former smokers. Compared with the normal control group, the serum levels of sPD-1, sPD-L1 and sPD-L2 and the urine level of sPD-L1 in patients with HNCs were increased. Furthermore, sPD-1 and sPD-L1 serum levels existed a positive connection, and sPD-1 and sPD-L2 serum levels positively correlated in HNCs sufferers. The urine sPD-1 and sPD-L1 had a positive relationship. sPD-1 serum levels had a positive connection with urine sPD-1, sPD-L1 urine levels had a positive relationship with sPD-L1, and sPD-L2 serum levels positively connected to urine sPD-L2. Lower serum sPD-1 and sPD-L1/L2 were associated with disease progression and survival at the examination time. sPD-1 and sPD-L1/L2 serum levels above median were markedly related to a decreased probability of 5-years OS in patients with HNCs. The sPD-1 and sPD-L1/2 were complementary markers representing clinical condition and illness outcomes for HNCs patients. The sPD-L1 might accelerate the characterization of high-risk patients with disapproving illness outcomes. sPD-1 and sPD-L1/2 could be easily accessed through liquid biopsy. The incorporation of them as indicators for risk evaluation throughout treatment scheduling and follow-up seems to be an appreciated method.KEYWORDS: Head and neck cancersSPD-1SPD-L1SPD-L2biomarkers Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementThe labeled dataset used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.Additional informationFundingThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Notes on contributorsYan LvYan Lv received the B.S. degree in Medical Imaging from Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China, in 2009 and the M.S. degree in oncology from Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China, in 2015. His research interests include head and neck cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and mammary cancer.Kai GaiKai Gai received the B.S. degree in Medical Imaging from Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China, in 2011 and the M.S. degree in oncology from Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China, in 2014. His research interests include head and neck cancer, lung cancer and mammary cancer.Xia DingXia Ding received the Master's degree in Imaging Medicine and Radiotherapy in 2009, and Doctor's degree in Oncology in 2016, from Shandong University, Jinan, China. She is currently working in Oncology Department in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. Her research interests include the microenvironment of tumor and anti-tumor immunotherapy.Weihua SunWeihua Sun received the B.S. degree in Clinical Medicine from Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China, in 2008 and the M.S. degree in oncology from Qingdao Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China, in 2012. His research interests include head and neck cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer.
The ultimate goal of quality education is to train students to fully-developed capacity,which of course includes the establishment of students' lifelong P.E.thought and raise the level of physical health,the quality of education in promoting the great development of the background.The writer based the level of students' physical health status and development countermeasures on providing theoretical basis for physical health level.
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