Puerarin is an active component in Radices puerarire,which has the function of anti-inebriation.The juice of Radices puerarire was mixed with fermented yogurt at a ratio of 1 :2,the mixture was stirred to give anti-inebriation puerarin yogurt.With delicate taste,pleasant sweetness and sourness,uniform light yellow colour but without lamination,the product obtained had the rich fragrance of yogurt and the unique flavour of Radices puerarire.
This study aimed to understand how children and families access early intervention in China.Timely identification and high-quality intervention is expected to prevent and reduce the occurrence and severity of chronic functional impairment for children with disability and is of great significance to individuals and the society. The current study recruited 1129 caregivers of children with disabilities from rural and urban areas of China were recruited to participate in a survey.(a) The first concern about development was raised, usually by the parents, when a child with disabilities was 26 months of age, (b) developmental screening took place 4 months after the first concern and diagnostic evaluation happened 7 months after, (c) the types of early intervention programme varied across urban and rural areas and (d) child and family factors were found associating with age of detection.Findings highlight the concerningly late age of children being identified for early intervention and disparities in services between urban and rural areas in China. Implications are provided for practitioners, policy makers and future research.
Abstract NADPH diaphorase (N-d) is used to a histochemical identification of subgroup of neuronal cells. Beside regular intracellular N-d positivity, membrane-related positivity revealed as a specialized staining pattern in the pigeon brain stem. In the investigation of the nervous system of homing pigeons (Columba livia) with N-d staining, we found a specialized structure, which temporally was termed as N-d tubular glomerular body/structure or as T-J body related to the last name of authors. This N-d positive specialization constituted by tubular components bilaterally located in the medial to the lemniscus spinalis in the medulla oblongata. The tubular components were moderate staining. T-J body was a longitudinal oriented structure of 2400 μm with N-d staining. N-d positive tubular components were twisted and intermingled together. Beside the young adult pigeons, T-J body s were also consistently detected in the aged pigeons. Membrane-related staining were also detected in the other rostral nuclei in the brain stem. With discussion and review of related scientific literatures, T-J body was considered as a new anatomical structure or a new feature of the existent nucleus. In summary, beside N-d intracellular distribution, there were other three N-d membrane-related localizations: mini-aggregation, patch-aggregation, and arrangement along tubular unit.
Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)‐diaphorase (N‐d) positive neurons have been extensively studied across various animals, and N‐d neurodegenerative neurites have been detected in some aged animal models. However, detailed knowledge on N‐d positivity and aging‐related alterations in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of pigeons is limited. In this study, we investigated N‐d positivity and age‐related changes in the pigeon's spinal cord and medulla oblongata and compared them to those in rats and mice. Pigeons, had more N‐d neurons in the dorsal horn, around the central canal, and in the column of Terni in the thoracic and lumbar segments, with scattered neurons found in the ventral horn of the spinal segments. N‐d neurons were also present in the white matter of the spinal cord. Morphometric analysis revealed that the size of N‐d soma in the lumbosacral, cervical, and thoracic regions was substantially altered in aged pigeons compared to young birds. Furthermore, the lumbar to sacral segments underwent significant morphological alterations. The main findings of this study were the presence of age‐related N‐d positive bodies (ANB) in aged pigeons, predominantly in the external cuneate nucleus (CuE) and occasionally in the gracilis and CuEs. ANBs were also identified in the gracile nuclei and spinal cord in the aged rats and mice, whereas in aged rats, ANBs were detected in the CuE spinal nucleus. Immunohistochemistry showed that the age‐related alterations occurred in the cell types and neuropeptides in old animals. The results suggest weak inflammatory response and neuronal dysfunction in the spinal cord in aged pigeons. Our results suggested that the ANB could be a potential aging marker for the central nervous system.
To assess the image quality feasibility and diagnostic value of zoomed diffusion-weighted imaging (z-EPI DWI) using echo-planar imaging (EPI) compared with conventional DWI (c-EPI DWI) in patients with periampullary disease.Thirty-six patients with periampullary carcinomas and fifteen with benign periampullary disease were included in this study. All the subjects underwent MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), c-EPI DWI, and z-EPI DWI. Two radiologists independently assessed image quality of the two image sets, including overall image quality and lesion conspicuity. In addition, signal intensity and ADC measurements of DWIs in the periampullary lesions were conducted. Diagnostic accuracies of the combined image sets of MRCP and z-EPI DWI were compared with those of a combined set of MRCP and c-EPI DWI.z-EPI DWI showed significantly better image quality scores (anatomic structure visualization, 2.94 ± 0.24; overall image quality, 2.96 ± 0.17) compared to that with c-EPI DWI (anatomic structure visualization, 2.02 ± 0.22; overall image quality, 2.04 ± 0.24) (both P < 0.01). For all the periampullary malignant lesions and small lesions (≤ 20 mm), there was better delineation of lesion conspicuity and the lesion margin, as well as diagnostic confidence with z-EPI DWI (all P < 0.05). The rate of periampullary malignancy's hyperintense signal on z-EPI DWI was increased to 91.7% (33/36) compared to c-EPI DWI (69.4% (25/36)) (P = 0.023). For all malignant lesions and small lesions, the diagnostic accuracy scores were increased using the MRCP and z-EPI DWI combined set, compared to the MRCP and c-EPI DWI combined set (P < 0.05). Diagnostic accuracy for detection and differentiation of malignant lesions from benign lesions significantly improved for the MRCP and z-EPI DWI combined set compared with MRCP and c-EPI DWI combined set (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between c-EPI DWI and z-EPI DWI in the ADC values of periampullary malignant and benign lesions (P > 0.05).z-EPI DWI has an advantage that could lead to remarkable image quality improvements and enhanced lesion visualization of periampullary carcinomas. z-EPI DWI was superior to c-EPI DWI for detecting, delineating, and diagnosing the lesions, particularly for small challenging lesions.
“Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event” (GOBE) is one of the major biological innovation in Phanerozoic. Trilobite is one of the major taxa in Cambrian and Ordovician. In 1998, Adrain divided the global Ordovician trilobites into two groups, i.e. Ibex Fauna and Whiterock Fauna, and subsequently, the former was subdivided into Ibex I and Ibex II faunas in 2004. The Ordovician radiation of the trilobites was associated with temporal and spatial expansion of the Whiterock Fauna and contraction of the Ibex Fauna. Ibex Fauna is also known as the Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna, which originated at Cambrian, had high diversity and differentiation soon, decline rapidly in Early Ordovician, and went extinct in Late Ordovician. The Ibex I Fauna raised and flourished only in the Early Tremadocian, while Ibex II fauna declined after the Early Ordovician radiation. Whiterock Fauna is also called the Paleozoic Evolutionary Fauna, which appears in Early Ordovician and shows rapidly radiation and high diversification in Middle Ordovician, and then survived the Ordovician Mass Extinction, evolved into Silurian Fauna, some of them might develop and extend to Devonian, Carboniferous and Permian. In 2006, Zhiyi Zhou dubbed the Ordovician trilobite radiation in the South China Block, suggested that the time of onset and the environmental pattern of the Ordovician trilobite radiation may have varied geographically, and the major radiation was likely a long-sustained event that extended through about 25 Ma of the late Early-early Late Ordovician interval, coinciding with the worldwide expansion and domination of the Whiterock Fauna. So the taxa of Zhou’s Ibex Fauna were proportionally dominant over those of Whiterock Fauna. Ziyang fauna, an Early Ordovician fossil lagerstatte is discovered and reported from Ziyang County, Shaanxi Province. It is Floian (the late Early Ordovician) in age based on the occurrences of Tetragraptus approximatus Nicholson. The fossiliferous rocks are blackish-grey mud limestone and calcareous mudstone of possible slope facies in the Yangzte platform. The fauna is dominated by trilobites, accompanied with graptolites, brachiopods, arthropods and some trace fossils. With relatively high taxonomic diversity, the trilobites in this fauna mainly consist of Seleneceme , Niobe , Nileus , Ampyx , Degamella , Borogothus , Geragnostus and Dividuagnostus , etc assgigned to seven families, of them, Asaphidae, Nileidae, Agnostoidea, Peragnostoidea and Alsataspidiae belong to the Ibex Fauna, and Cyclopygidae and Raphiophoridae belong to Whiterock Fauna. Asaphidae and Nileidae are main components of Ibex I Fauna, and Agnostoidea, Peragnostoidea and Alsataspidiae are components of Ibex II Fauna respectively. Quantitatively, Alsataspidiae and Asaphidae account for more than 75% of the total fauna, Ibex I Fauna were predominent over Ibex II Fauna. Other associated fossils include graptolites of Tetragraptus approximatus , Tetragraptus bigsbyi , Tetragraptus quadribrachiatus , Tetragraptus sp., and Paratemnograptus sp., and brachiopods of Tritoechia , Lingulella , etc. The distinctive composition of Ziyang Fauna holds promise for providing insights into the evolution between Ibex and Whiterock faunas in South China.
'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(23.036 .093 25.536)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(45.87 1.273 16.18)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(69.945 .996 12.078)'/%3e%3cuse xlink:href='%23a' transform='rotate(20.66 -19.689 31.932)'/%3e%3c/svg%3e)