Ruifang Zhao

National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

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Guangjun Nie

National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

Tianjiao Ji

National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

Jian Shi

Shinshu University

Yinlong Zhang

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Yuliang Zhao

National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

Xiao Zhao

National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

Hanqing Chen

South China University of Technology

Hao Qin

Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Gregory J. Anderson

QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute

Yanping Ding

Northwest Normal University

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Chinese Academy of Sciences

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National Center for Nanoscience and Technology

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Peking University

Sichuan University

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Zhejiang University

Wenzhou Medical University

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Supplementary Material for: Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of congenital and neonatal tuberculosis: A retrospective study

Figshare (2023)

Yue Zhou Ke-Cheng Zhu Xiaoqing Zhang Zhu Z.Liang Jiang

Introduction: Limited studies have explored the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of neonatal tuberculosis (TB). Here, we attempted to delineate the clinical characteristics of neonatal TB, which may help clinicians further understand this disease. Methods: A retrospective analysis of neonates diagnosed with congenital and/or neonatal TB disease from January 2010 to December 2020 was performed. Information on the demographic and epidemiological features, clinical symptoms, laboratory and imaging examinations, therapeutic regimens, and outcomes was collected. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to present the time to disease onset, time to diagnosis, etc.. Results: Forty-eight cases of neonatal TB were classified into congenital (n=33) and postnatal (n=15) . The median time to disease onset in postnatal group was significantly longer than that in congenital group. Positive results for gastric fluid acid-fast bacilli, TB culture, Xpert MTB/RIF, IGRA and TST were detected in 26/48 (54.2%), 14/34 (41.2%), 11/18 (61.1%), 19/29 (65.5%), and 8/24 (33.3%) patients, respectively. For lymphadenopathy, CT scans showed a higher detection rate than did X-ray (80.0% vs 0). Of the 48 infants, 44/48 (91.7%) received anti-TB therapy, and 33/44 (75%) were clinically improved or cured after 22.1 months (IQR 12.4–27.7) of follow-up. Drug-induced liver injury occurred in 14/44 (31.8%) patients. Discussion/Conclusion: IGRA and Xpert MTB/RIF showed good positive rate in neonatal TB infection/disease. In cases where TB is presumed but etiological evidence is lacking, low dose CT could be considered. Prompt treatment under careful surveillance is important for preventing mortality and avoiding severe adverse effects.

10.6084/m9.figshare.24618951

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Use of Static Imaging as a Substitute for Conventional Dynamic Imaging for Salivagrams in Children

Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2019)

Ha Wu Ruifang Zhao Xiaofei Zhao

Objective Salivagrams are commonly used for detecting pulmonary aspiration. However, conventional dynamic imaging is relatively time-consuming and could be difficult to perform in children with poor compliance. We analyzed the characteristics of conventional dynamic imaging to obtain a simple protocol suitable for use in children. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of salivagram data from 1163 patients (783 males, 380 females; age, 1 month to 9.0 years; mean age, 5.7 months) obtained in the past 4.5 years (January 2014 to June 2018). The various timepoint images were used for diagnosis. The positivity rate, missed diagnosis rate, and sensitivity were calculated and compared. Results Dynamic imaging revealed 353 cases of pulmonary aspiration (248 males, 105 females; age, 1 month to 4.5 years; mean age, 6.2 months). The positivity rate was 30.4% (353/1163), and 95.8% (338/353) of patients presented with continuous positive images after pulmonary aspiration. Only 4.2% (15/353) of positive cases showed clearance of pulmonary aspiration. The positivity rates were 11.8%, 18.2%, 21.9%, 25.0%, 27.0%, and 29.2% at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes, respectively. About 4.2% (15/353) of positive cases on earlier images showed clearance of pulmonary aspiration on later images, which indicate both early 15-minute and later 30-minute images were necessary. Conclusions Two static images acquired at 15 and 30 minutes might be an effective alternative to conventional salivagram, which mandates dynamic imaging.

Dynamic imaging

Dynamic contrast

10.1097/rlu.0000000000002595

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Citations (2)

Multiple layer-by-layer lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for improved FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy in pancreatic tumor models

Nanomedicine Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine (2016)

Feng Li Xiao Zhao Hai Wang Ruifang Zhao Tianjiao Ji

FOLFIRINOX

Pancreatic tumor

10.1016/j.nano.2015.12.226

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Doxorubicin and paclitaxel carried by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) is superior than traditional drug-delivery methods

Nanomedicine (2018)

Yili Hu Xiaoyang Zhu Ruifang Zhao Jin Wang Yipeng Song

Aim: To evaluate the advantages of nanomaterial methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA) encapsulated doxorubicin (D/DOX) and paclitaxel (T/TAX; mPEG-PLGA-DT) over free form of DOX and TAX (DOX/TAX). Materials & methods: Metabonomics was conducted to characterize the systemic metabolic response of allograft breast cancer model mice to mPEG-PLGA-DT and DOX/TAX treatments. Results: Breast tumor growth induced metabolic reprogram in serum and multiple organs. DOX/TAX treatment could ameliorate the elevated energy and nucleotides demands in some organs while mPEG-PLGA-DT treatment showed outstanding therapeutic outcomes in restoring the metabolic phenotypes of serum and kidney from tumor-bearing mice to the healthy state. Conclusion: This investigation proved the biological advantages of mPEG-PLGA-DT over DOX/TAX in molecular level through the comparison between their metabolic responses in vivo.

PLGA

10.2217/nnm-2017-0363

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Cell-Penetrating Nanoparticles Activate the Inflammasome to Enhance Antibody Production by Targeting Microtubule-Associated Protein 1-Light Chain 3 for Degradation

ACS Nano (2020)

Motao Zhu Libo Du Ruifang Zhao Helen Y. Wang Yuliang Zhao

Engineered nanoparticles could trigger inflammatory responses and potentiate a desired innate immune response for efficient immunotherapy. Here we report size-dependent activation of innate immune signaling pathways by gold (Au) nanoparticles. The ultrasmall-size (<10 nm) Au nanoparticles preferentially activate the NLRP3 inflammasome for Caspase-1 maturation and interleukin-1β production, while the larger-size Au nanoparticles (>10 nm) trigger the NF-κB signaling pathway. Ultrasmall (4.5 nm) Au nanoparticles (Au4.5) activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through directly penetrating into cell cytoplasm to promote robust ROS production and target autophagy protein-LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3) for proteasomal degradation in an endocytic/phagocytic-independent manner. LC3-dependent autophagy is required for inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and plays a critical role in the negative control of inflammasome activation. Au4.5 nanoparticles promote the degradation of LC3, thus relieving the LC3-mediated inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Finally, we show that Au4.5 nanoparticles could function as vaccine adjuvants to markedly enhance ovalbumin (OVA)-specific antibody production in an NLRP3-dependent pattern. Our findings have provided molecular insights into size-dependent innate immune signaling activation by cell-penetrating nanoparticles and identified LC3 as a potential regulatory target for efficient immunotherapy.

10.1021/acsnano.0c00962

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Accuracy of Early DMSA Scan for VUR in Young Children With Febrile UTI

PEDIATRICS (2013)

Xin Zhang Hong Xu Lijun Zhou Qi Cao Qian Shen

To evaluate the accuracy of an acute (99m)Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) scan in predicting dilating vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) among young children with a febrile urinary tract infection (UTI).The medical records of children (≤ 2 years of age), presenting with febrile UTI between January 2000 and December 2011, were retrospectively reviewed.A total of 523 children were included in this study, of whom 397 children (75.9%) had abnormal DMSA results and 178 children (34.0%) were identified as VUR on micturating cystourethrography (MCU). Among all the patients, the number of children with dilating VUR was 151 (28.9%). The rate of abnormal results on DMSA for the dilating VUR group was significantly higher than the rates for the non-VUR and low-grade VUR groups (P < .01). In the <6 months age group and ≥ 6 months age group, the sensitivities of DMSA in predicting dilating VUR were 96.15% and 100.0%, respectively, the negative predictive values were 97.26% and 100.0%, respectively, and the negative likelihood ratios were 0.0911 and 0.0000, respectively.For children ≤ 2 years of age with a febrile UTI, an acute DMSA scan is valuable in the exclusion of dilating VUR. The likelihood of the presence of dilating VUR on MCU is rather low when the result of DMSA is negative. DMSA should be conducted to assess the need for an MCU.

10.1542/peds.2012-2650

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Spatial Distribution Assessment of Terrorist Attack Types Based on I-MLKNN Model

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (2021)

Ruifang Zhao Xiaolan Xie Xun Zhang Min Jin Mengmeng Hao

Terrorist attacks are harmful to lives and property and seriously affect the stability of the international community and economic development. Exploring the regularity of terrorist attacks and building a model for assessing the risk of terrorist attacks (a kind of public safety risk, and it means the possibility of a terrorist attack) are of great significance to the security and stability of the international community and to global anti-terrorism. We propose a fusion of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and a Multi-label k-Nearest Neighbor (I-MLKNN)-based assessment model for terrorist attacks, which is in a grid-scale and considers 17 factors of socio-economic and natural environments, and applied the I-MLKNN assessment model to assess the risk of terrorist attacks in Southeast Asia. The results show the I-MLKNN multi-label classification algorithm is proven to be an ideal tool for the assessment of the spatial distribution of terrorist attacks, and it can assess the risk of different types of terrorist attacks, thus revealing the law of distribution of different types of terrorist attacks. The terrorist attack risk assessment results indicate that Armed Attacks, Bombing/Explosions and Facility/Infrastructure Attacks in Southeast Asia are high-risk terrorist attack events, and the southernmost part of Thailand and the Philippines are high-risk terrorist attack areas for terrorism. We do not only provide a reference for incorporating spatial features in multi-label classification algorithms, but also provide a theoretical basis for decision-makers involved in terrorist attacks, which is meaningful to the implementation of the international counter-terrorism strategy.

10.3390/ijgi10080547

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Study on the formation of phenols during coal flash pyrolysis using pyrolysis-GC/MS

Fuel Processing Technology (2014)

Jiao Kong Ruifang Zhao Yonghui Bai Guanlong Li Chun Zhang

Phenols from coal pyrolysis are extremely precious chemicals, understanding the factors that influence the amounts and species of phenols during coal pyrolysis is of vital importance. In this study, the concentrations of seven species of phenols in the coal extracts were analyzed by GC/MS. Then, the phenols obtained from the pyrolysis of four different coals were characterized by using a flash pyrolysis-GC/MS in-situ. In addition, the amounts of phenols from coal pyrolysis at 400–1000 °C with the heating rate of 10 °C/ms were calculated. Results show that the total amount of phenols during the pyrolysis of lignite (coal A) was higher than those of long-flame coal (coal B), bituminous coal (coal C), and anthracite (coal D) at 800 °C. The main source of phenols is the thermal decomposition of the oxygen-containing structures, particularly aryl ether, rather than the volatilization of the already existing phenols in the raw coal. The formation of phenols, dominated by phenol and cresols, is facilitated during the coal pyrolysis at 600–800 °C, otherwise, certain phenols may be decomposed at higher temperatures. Moreover, there is close correlation between the release amount of phenols and the specific surface area of the coal during coal pyrolysis.

Anthracite

Bituminous coal

10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.06.004

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Determination of Lysozyme by Thiol-Terminated Aptamer-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance

Analytical Letters (2016)

Yunfeng Bai Ruifang Zhao Feng Feng Xiaoxiao He

A sensitive and selective surface plasmon resonance (SPR) aptasensor has been developed for the real-time determination of lysozyme. The thiol-terminated lysozyme aptamer was covalently attached to the surface of sensor through Au–S bonding. In the presence of lysozyme, the aptamer captured lysozyme on the surface and enhanced the SPR signal that was proportional to the concentration of lysozyme. Under the optimized conditions, the SPR signal was linear with lysozyme concentration from 1 to 100 µmol/L. The detection limit for lysozyme was 0.5 µmol/L. The aptasensor also provided high specificity for lysozyme and was unaffected by other proteins. This aptasensor provides rapid, simple, and sensitive determination of lysozyme detection and a promising strategy for other proteins.

Aptamer

Thiol

10.1080/00032719.2016.1190737

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Citations (12)

Indications for nephrectomy based on differential renal function in children with severe hydronephrosis

Zhonghua xiaoerwaike zazhi (2017)

Biying Zhang Yiwei Li Ruifang Zhao Shuang-sui Ruan

Objective To confirm the indications for nephrectomy based on differential renal function (DRF) in children. Methods Retrospective analyses were performed for 128 children undergoing pyeloplasty between March 2008 and August 2012. Both pre and postoperative scintigraphies were conducted. They were divided into groupsⅠ(n=102), Ⅱ (n=20) and Ⅲ (n=6) according to the initial DRF: group Ⅰ, DRF between 10%-40%; group Ⅱ, DRF between 5%-10%; group Ⅲ, DRF < 5 %. Paired sample T test was used for analyzing the changes of DRF after pyeloplasty in 3 groups. Results Mean postoperative function increased by 11.78% in group Ⅰand 17.84% in group Ⅱ, decreased by 0.26% in group Ⅲ. Paired sample T test showed that postoperative DRF improved in groups ⅠandⅡ while group Ⅲ showed no improvement. Conclusions Contrary to common practice, nephrectomy is not recommended for severe hydronephrotic kidney with <10 % of DRF on renal scintigraphy. Renal functional status improves significantly after pyeloplasty. And nephrectomy is not necessary for kidney with <10 % of DRF. When DRF is <5%, nephrectomy may be justified. Key words: Child; Hydronephrosis; Differential renal function; Nephrectomy

Pyeloplasty

Radioisotope renography

10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3006.2017.05.011

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