Paul B. Higgins

OGT Amenity (Ireland)

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Anthony G. Comuzzie

Obesity Society

V. Saroja Voruganti

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Barbara A. Gower

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Raúl A. Bastarrachea

Sansum Diabetes Research Institute

Vicki Mattern

Texas Biomedical Research Institute

Franco Folli

University of Milan

José R. Fernández

Universidade de Vigo

David A. Fields

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center

Shelley A. Cole

Texas Biomedical Research Institute

Edward J. Dick

Texas Biomedical Research Institute

Cooperative Institutions

The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Texas Biomedical Research Institute

University of Alabama at Birmingham

The University of Texas at San Antonio

University of Milan

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

MedStar Health

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Cornell University

Texas Diabetes Institute

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Body composition and cardiometabolic disease risk factors in captive baboons (Papio hamadryassp.): Sexual dimorphism

American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2013)

Paul B. Higgins Perla Rodriguez V. Saroja Voruganti Vicki Mattern Raúl A. Bastarrachea

Baboons (Papio hamadryas sp.) exhibit significant sexual dimorphism in body size. Sexual dimorphism is also exhibited in a number of circulating factors associated with risk of cardiometabolic disease. We investigated whether sexual dimorphism in body size and composition underlie these differences. We examined data from 28 male and 24 female outdoor group-housed young adult baboons enrolled in a longitudinal observational study of cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Animals were sedated with ketamine HCl (10 mg/kg) before undergoing venous blood draws, basic body measurements, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry body composition scans. Percentage glycated hemoglobin A1c (%HbA1c) was measured in whole blood. Serum samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride concentrations. Males were heavier and had greater body length and lean tissue mass than females. Females had a greater body fat percentage relative to males (10.8 ± 6.4 vs. 6.9 ± 4.0, P = 0.01). Although C-peptide, fasting glucose, and %HbA1c did not differ between the sexes, females had greater fasting insulin and triglyceride compared to their male counterparts. Insulin and percentage body fat were significantly correlated in males (r = 0.61, P = 0.001) and to a lesser extent in females (r = 0.43, P = 0.04). Overall, relations between adiposity and fasting insulin and fasting triglyceride were stronger in males. After accounting for differences in percentage body fat, fasting insulin and triglyceride were no longer statistically different between males and females. Despite stronger correlations between relative adiposity and insulin and triglyceride in males, the higher fasting insulin and triglyceride of female baboons may be underlain by their greater relative body fat masses. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:9–14, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Sexual dimorphism

10.1002/ajpa.22357

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Citations (9)

EFFECT OF SCALP AND FACIAL HAIR ON PERCENT BODY FAT ESTIMATES BY THE BOD POD

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (2001)

David A. Fields Paul B. Higgins Barbara A Gower

Objective To determine the effect of body hair (scalp and facial) on BOD POD estimates of percent body fat. Methods and Procedures Twenty-five males (31.4 ± 8.0 yr, 83.4 ± 12.2 kg, 181.8 ± 6.9 cm) agreed to grow a beard for three weeks in order to participate in the study. Total body density (g/cm3) and percent body fat were evaluated by air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD). To observe the effect of trapped isothermal air in body hair, BOD POD measures were performed in four conditions: Criterion method (the beard was shaven and a swimcap was worn), facial hair and swimcap, facial hair and no swimcap, and no facial hair and no swimcap. Results The presence of only a beard (facial hair and swimcap) resulted in a significant underestimation of percent fat (16.2%; 1.0618 g/cm3) vs. the Criterion method (17.1%; 1.0597 g/cm3; P < 0.001). The effect of scalp hair (no swim cap worn) resulted in a significant underestimation in percent fat relative to the Criterion method, either with facial hair (facial hair and no swimcap, 14.8%; 1.0649 g/cm3) or without facial hair (no facial hair and no swimcap, 14.8%; 1.0650 g/cm3; P < 0.001 for both). Discussion A significant underestimation of percent fat was observed with the presence of facial hair (∼1%) and scalp hair (∼2.3%). This underestimation in percent fat may be due to the effect of trapped isothermal air in body hair on body volume estimates. Thus, excess facial hair should be kept to a minimum and a swim cap worn at all times to ensure accurate estimates of body fat when using the BOD POD.

Body hair

10.1097/00005768-200105001-00987

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From MRP II to mrp

Production Planning & Control (1992)

Paul B. Higgins K. Tierney Jim Browne

Abstract This paper defines the basic elements and structure of a framework for intelligent decision support systems for production management systems. The traditional aspects of production management systems are examined and the need for a move away from the traditional thinking in this area is highlighted. An architecture for production management is pro posed and a revised role of core, existing functionality is presented. Outline ideas on master production scheduling, factory co-ordination and production activity control elements of this architecture are described and related to different manufacturing environments.

Production control

Production manager

Factory (object-oriented programming)

10.1080/09537289208919394

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The monitor in production activity control systems

Production Planning & Control (1990)

Paul B. Higgins Jim Browne

Abstract Effective control of manufacturing processes depends on accurate, timely recording of data from the shop floor. Data collected as result of this is translated into information which may be the basis for real-time control or later management decisions. Thus there is a need for a data capture and analysis mechanism which operates reliably, quickly and accurately. This mechanism is called the monitoring function. The monitoring function comprises of three distinct elements, namely: data capture; data analysis and decision support. The data capture system collects all the relevant information from the shop floor and then this is ‘massaged’ by the data analysis mechanism to produce real-time and historical reports which aid the decision making process in the manufacturing system. This paper outlines the development of a software tool for the control of the manufacturing operation at the operational level (i.e. quasi real-time) and describes in detail the development and use of software modules to support the monitoring activities within a simulation environment.

Production control

Real-time data

10.1080/09537289008919290

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Citations (12)

Measures of Waist Circumference

Springer eBooks (2012)

Paul B. Higgins Anthony G. Comuzzie

Circumference

Tape measure

Abdominal obesity

10.1007/978-1-4419-1788-1_51

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Citations (11)

Feto-placental Adaptations to Maternal Obesity in the Baboon

Placenta (2009)

David R. Farley M. Elizabeth Tejero Anthony G. Comuzzie Paul B. Higgins Laura A. Cox

Syncytiotrophoblasts

10.1016/j.placenta.2009.06.007

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Citations (101)

A prototype system for short-term supply planning

Computers in Industry (1992)

Brian Wall Paul B. Higgins Jim Browne Gerry Lyons

Workbench

Time horizon

Anticipation (artificial intelligence)

Integrated business planning

10.1016/0166-3615(92)90003-6

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Citations (10)

Cutting the Fat

Progress in molecular biology and translational science (2010)

Anthony G. Comuzzie Paul B. Higgins Saroja Voruganti Shelley A. Cole

Genome-wide Association Study

Genetic Association

Candidate gene

Missing heritability problem

10.1016/b978-0-12-375003-7.00007-8

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Citations (9)

Morphometric variables related to metabolic profile in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

PubMed (2011)

Márcia Cristina Ribeiro Andrade Paul B. Higgins Vicki Mattern Melissa A. de la Garza Kathleen M. Brasky

Obesity is a risk factor for several diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to compare the relationships of waist circumference and body weight with circulating markers of metabolic, cardiovascular, and hepatic function in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). After a 12-h fast, blood was collected from 39 adult captive chimpanzees for measurement of serum glucose, BUN, creatinine, albumin, cholesterol, ALT, AST, ALP, total and direct bilirubin, triglyceride, and insulin, and waist circumference and body weight were measured. Waist circumference was positively correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glucose, insulin resistance as estimated by the homeostatic model assessment method, and albumin in female chimpanzees and with triglyceride in female and male chimpanzees. Body weight was correlated significantly with systolic and diastolic blood pressure in female chimpanzees and triglyceride in male chimpanzees. Male chimpanzees were heavier and had lower diastolic blood pressure, greater creatinine, albumin, AST, ALP, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin values than did female chimpanzees. The relationships between waist circumference and blood pressure and triglyceride are consistent with those reported in humans and other primate species. In conclusion, our study is the first work to demonstrate a relationship between waist circumference and metabolic risk factors in chimpanzees. Results demonstrated that waist circumference was associated with more metabolic risk factors than was body weight, particularly in female chimpanzees.

Circumference

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Coordinated Defects in Hepatic Long Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism and Triglyceride Accumulation Contribute to Insulin Resistance in Non-Human Primates

PLoS ONE (2011)

Subhash Kamath Alberto O. Chávez Amalia Gastaldelli Francesca Casiraghi Glenn A. Halff

Non-Alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by accumulation of triglycerides (TG) in hepatocytes, which may also trigger cirrhosis. The mechanisms of NAFLD are not fully understood, but insulin resistance has been proposed as a key determinant. Aims To determine the TG content and long chain fatty acyl CoA composition profile in liver from obese non-diabetic insulin resistant (IR) and lean insulin sensitive (IS) baboons in relation with hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Methods Twenty baboons with varying grades of adiposity were studied. Hepatic (liver) and peripheral (mainly muscle) insulin sensitivity was measured with a euglycemic clamp and QUICKI. Liver biopsies were performed at baseline for TG content and LCFA profile by mass spectrometry, and histological analysis. Findings were correlated with clinical and biochemical markers of adiposity and insulin resistance. Results Obese IR baboons had elevated liver TG content compared to IS. Furthermore, the concentration of unsaturated (LC-UFA) was greater than saturated (LC-SFA) fatty acyl CoA in the liver. Interestingly, LC-FA UFA and SFA correlated with waist, BMI, insulin, NEFA, TG, QUICKI, but not M/I. Histological findings of NAFLD ranging from focal to diffuse hepatic steatosis were found in obese IR baboons. Conclusion Liver TG content is closely related with both hepatic and peripheral IR, whereas liver LC-UFA and LC-SFA are closely related only with hepatic IR in non-human primates. Mechanisms leading to the accumulation of TG, LC-UFA and an altered UFA: LC-SFA ratio may play an important role in the pathophysiology of fatty liver disease in humans.

Steatosis

NEFA

10.1371/journal.pone.0027617

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Citations (35)