In addition to electrical design and function, corrosion resistance is an important factor in producing earth rod and plate which indicate quality of these products. The ability of an electrical grounding component to resist corrosion determines its service life.Different production methods has been tried to reach the maximum corrosion resistance but electro deposition process specially alloyed covering used in this research is the most successful method. In this research innovation of the invented process is described, then to confirm the method, corrosion resistance of the covered Earth rod and plate is tested. Phenomenal results indicated that even with 100 micron thickness of the new coating layer, corrosion resistance reaches the required time of resistance. Also by increasing the layer thickness, corrosion resistance is increased.
Strand-based wood composites are increasingly being used in the construction of low-to mid-rise timber buildings in Canada.In this study, the effects of voids and distribution of strands on the effective mechanical properties of a typical strand-based wood product, parallel strand lumber (PSL), are examined.A powerful numerical algorithm using python scripting has been developed for this purpose.A script is employed to distribute voids and strands through a large representative volume element (RVE) of a PSL beam.The effective properties of 1543 RVE realizations with different distributions of strands and voids are calculated and results are presented for each engineering constant.Unlike previous studies, strands and voids are distributed explicitly through the material's cross-section.Hence, the role of small variations of strand and resin distribution, as well as presence of voids and their distribution among strands in the effective properties of PSL can be elucidated more realistically.Once strands and voids are distributed, a computational homogenization scheme is employed by applying periodic boundary conditions to each constructed RVE.Within the RVE, strands and voids are distributed based on a pre-defined distribution function with angles ranging from -10 o to +10 o , representing the variation of strands' angles in the manufacturing process of PSL.Using the developed computational algorithm, the effect of RVE's dimension on predicted properties was also studied.The effect of void's volume fraction on the Young's modulus along the strands' longitudinal direction ( 11 E ) is found to be much lower than the moduli in other directions (i.e. E and E).The advantages of the proposed approach compared to similar approaches are discussed at the end.
The use of aluminum alloys in various industries, especially the automotive industries, to have less structural weight, is on the rise. The use of semi-solid forming process in addition to changes in the microstructure which improves the mechanical properties can reduce the volume of production and ultimately lead to the improvement of the structural weight. In this paper, optimization of the governing parameters is investigated in one method of the semisolid forming named the mechanical vibration. A380 grade aluminum alloy is cast in our study. The initial parameters that investigated here are the pouring temperature, frequency and holding vibration time. The output result is investigated on the hardness. As the result showed the hardness value of 80 is the best result. Also results showed that the temperature of the melt is the important parameter in this method. Also the hardness will be increased when the frequency and holding vibration time increases
This paper presents the experimental investigation conducted on Al-Si cast alloy (LM6) cast using lost foam process. The main objective of the research is to investigate the effect of pouring temperature, section thickness and melt treatment on the microstructure of the lost foam casting of Al-Si alloy. Step pattern with five different sections was prepared from 20 kg/m³ density foam and poured at five different temperatures; 700, 720, 740, 760, and 780 with and without the addition of AlTiB as grain refiner. Analysis on microstructure, eutectic silicon spacing and porosity percentage were conducted to determine the effect of both parameters. The results show that pouring temperature has significant influence on the quality as well as microstructure of the lost foam casting of LM6 Al-Si alloy. Lower pouring temperature was found to produce finer microstructure casting. However, the addition of AlTiB as grain refiner did not affect the produced castings significantly whether in terms casting quality or microstructure.
Advancement in nanoscience and biotechnology of bone materials and cement has been increasing over the past several decades. The combination of biomaterials with trace elements for bone cement has verified their better mechanical strength and biocompatibility response. Also, the ionic replacement has affected the chemical, physical and biological properties of the substance. Pyrophosphate has supported better absorption of calcium phosphates (CaPs) and bone formation. Bone cement is the ionomer of an important material in tooth repair application used in the tooth filling, tooth cover, and to fix adhesions of the tooth and crown. Nanoparticle additives (magnesium oxide (MgO), hydroxyapatite (HA), chitosan (CH), barium sulfate and silica) and alternate monomers can be effective with Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) granules and methyl methacrylate monomers (MMAs) to decrease the isothermal temperature. These materials can be used for the growth and development of bone cements. This paper aims to demonstrate a general and different view of the applications of CaP, PMMA, glass ionomer and bone repair cements in various methods under different experiments procedure.
The paper presents the results of an investigation on aluminum-silicon (LM6) alloy using pressurized lost foam casting process. The study investigated the effect of pressure on casting integrity-geometry, eutectic silicon spacing, particle roundness and hardness. Following air pressures: 1bar, 2bar, 3bar and 4bar were applied on the solidifying alloy. The eutectic silicon spacing and particle roundness were measured using optical microscope which was equipped with image analyzer by averaging of at least ten results as well as Vickers hardness testing machine. For casting integrity-geometry all surfaces of solidified castings were captured by digital camera for better observation. The results show that applying pressure during solidification of the LM6 alloy has significant influence on casting integrity-geometry, eutectic silicon spacing, particle roundness and hardness of the alloy. By increasing the applied pressure, solidification time decline. Consequently, silicon spacing reduces as well as increasing of hardness. Besides, rising air pressure lead to fulfilling of molten which improves the casting integrity and particle roundness.
Since the cutting tools used in machining process of super alloys are subjected to high cutting forces, accordingly tools life is reduced, therefore improvement in alloys machining and reducing cutting forces to achieve longer tools life is an essential necessity. In this research, the effect of changes in feed rate on cutting forces in machining process of nickel based super alloys is investigated. Cutting tools used in this experiment was a tungsten carbide material, model 890, geometry square shaped and specification of SNMG 120412. Also the tools has been coated using physical vapor deposition by chemical composition of TiN/TiCN/AlTiSiN in both micro and nano layer conditions. According to the results, as the feed rate is increased cutting forces mostly increases in both micro and nano layer coating conditions. . Generally in this research, application of micro layer coating results in less cutting forces compared to nano layer coating, so it can be said that micro layer coating has a better performance