Arterial diseases are a common cause of death in the western world. The last two decades has seen vast improvements in scanning, screening, prognosis and symptom recognition, resulting in a greater number of treatments. A common treatment procedure used is bypass grafting which currently utilize synthetic graft materials, internal thoracic artery, and autologous vein. These treatments are invasive surgical procedures and can have low patency. An alternative treatment for these conditions is endovascular surgery. However these devices have problems such as restenois, migration and stent fracture. Improved design and drug elution have been utilized to enhance the performance, with limited success. The application of Tissue engineering scaffolds to enhance device performance has had limited studies. A Number of studies have looked at Small Intestine Submucosa in stenting applications [1, 2]. One study implanted an ECM (SIS) stent-graft into 8 sheep. The study concluded that the ECM stent graft successfully treated simple and ruptured AAA’s. Another study investigated a stent graft arrangement in the femoral arteries of sheep. The study found that SIS coated stent preformed better than that of PTFE covered stent grafts.

Submucosa

10.1115/sbc2009-206892

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A computational assessment of the hemodynamic effects of crossed and non-crossed bifurcated stent-graft devices for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms

Medical Engineering & Physics (2016)

Florian Stefanov Tim M. McGloughlin Liam Morris

10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.09.011

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Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse imaging for aneurysms

IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (2009)

Áine P. Tierney Douglas M. Dumont Anthony Callanan Tim M. McGloughlin

A method for reliable, noninvasive estimation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (AAA) wall mechanics may be a useful clinical tool for rupture prediction. An in vitro AAA model was developed from an excised porcine aorta, with elastase treatment. The AAA model behaviour was analysed using Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging techniques to generate displacements in both aneurysmal and normal aortic tissue. The incremental modulus of the arteries was indicative of early collagen recruitment, typical in aneurysms due to elastin degradation. Opening angle measurement showed a four fold decrease from healthy aorta to AAA model. The mechanical changes that occur during aneurysm formation were found to be detectable using ARFI imaging. An in vivo aorta was imaged to demonstrate the viability of excitation of abdominal aorta using ARFI imaging. B-mode and ARFI images were acquired for one diseased aorta in a female volunteer. Cardiac motion was minimized using ECG-triggered beam sequences, and ARFI images were acquired during diastole. Residual motion was treated with a linear motion filter. Diseased aortic images revealed greater displacement in the intraluminal thrombus than the wall of the aorta.

Acoustic Radiation Force

Abdominal aorta

10.1109/ultsym.2009.5441927

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Characterisation of Patient-Specific Intraluminal Thrombus

Siobhan O’Leary Peter Coyle P. A. Grace Barry J. Doyle Tim M. McGloughlin

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A mathematical model to predict the in vivo pulsatile drag forces acting on bifurcated stent grafts used in endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA)

Journal of Biomechanics (2004)