Jeanine Fourie

University of Pretoria

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J Lemmer

University of the Witwatersrand

L. Feller

Horizon Oncology Center

R A G Khammissa

University of Pretoria

Raoul Ballyram

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University

A.W. Van Zyl

University of Pretoria

M. Bouckaert

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University

C.F. Smit

University of Pretoria

R.A.G. Khammissa

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University

Willie F. P. van Heerden

University of Pretoria

George Thomadakis

Right to Care

Cooperative Institutions

University of Pretoria

Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University

University of Limpopo

University of the Witwatersrand

British Society of Periodontology

Dr George Mukhari Hospital

National Health Laboratory Service

Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital

University of South Africa

Right to Care

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The oral presentation of secondary syphilis among men: the evolving interplay between syphilis, HIV and prophylactic strategies

SADJ (2023)

Jeanine Fourie L Mukucha L Masuka

Syphilis has been intricately linked with HIV because of shared transmission pathways and because these infections promote each other’s transmission. In addition, HIV infection may change the clinical presentation and management of syphilis lesions. Initially, the HIV epidemic had improved safe sex practices among men who have sex with men (MSM), but subsequent effective treatment and prophylaxis strategies, have resulted in behavioural disinhibition and a resurgence of syphilis. Here, we report on three cases of oral secondary syphilis and explore the relationship between oral syphilis and sexual practices, HIV and prophylactic measures that MSM employ. Three men, who presented to the University of Pretoria Oral Health Centre (UPOHC), complaining of oral lesions, were diagnosed by histopathology with secondary syphilis. The clinical appearance of the lesions, HIV status, treatment and prophylaxis employed by the men were documented. The clinical presentation, sexual practices, HIV status and prophylactic measures among these men differed and demonstrate the complexity of oral secondary syphilisdiagnosis and management.Syphilis presents variably in the oral cavity, and this may be linked to the sexual practices and HIV status of the patient.

Sexual transmission

Primary Syphilis

10.17159/sadj.v78i01.15742

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Biological Events in Periodontal Ligament and Alveolar Bone Associated with Application of Orthodontic Forces

The Scientific World JOURNAL (2015)

L. Feller R A G Khammissa Israël Schechter George Thomadakis Jeanine Fourie

Orthodontic force‐induced stresses cause dynamic alterations within the extracellular matrix and within the cytoskeleton of cells in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, mediating bone remodelling, ultimately enabling orthodontic tooth movement. In the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, the mechanically induced tensile strains upregulate the expression of osteogenic genes resulting in bone formation, while mechanically induced compressive strains mediate predominantly catabolic tissue changes and bone resorption. In this review article we summarize some of the currently known biological events occurring in the periodontal ligament and in the alveolar bone in response to application of orthodontic forces and how these facilitate tooth movement.

Periodontal fiber

Bone remodeling

Periodontium

10.1155/2015/876509

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Citations (58)

Oral malodour

South African Family Practice (2011)

A.W. Van Zyl Jeanine Fourie WFP Van Heerden

Oral malodour may affect up to three billion people worldwide, with millions of dollars spent on treatment. Halitosis is often used synonymously, but oral malodour is the preferred term for any bad breath emanating from the mouth. Oral causes account for the majority of bad breath cases. It is the objective of this article to review the causes, classification and treatment of oral malodour for health care workers.

Oral health care

10.1080/20786204.2011.10874106

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Apical External Root Resorption and Repair in Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Biological Events

BioMed Research International (2016)

L. Feller R A G Khammissa George Thomadakis Jeanine Fourie J Lemmer

Some degree of external root resorption is a frequent, unpredictable, and unavoidable consequence of orthodontic tooth movement mediated by odontoclasts/cementoclasts originating from circulating precursor cells in the periodontal ligament. Its pathogenesis involves mechanical forces initiating complex interactions between signalling pathways activated by various biological agents. Resorption of cementum is regulated by mechanisms similar to those controlling osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Following root resorption there is repair by cellular cementum, but factors mediating the transition from resorption to repair are not clear. In this paper we review some of the biological events associated with orthodontically induced external root resorption.

Periodontal fiber

Tooth root

10.1155/2016/4864195

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Citations (101)

Postherpetic Neuralgia and Trigeminal Neuralgia

Pain Research and Treatment (2017)

L. Feller R A G Khammissa Jeanine Fourie M. Bouckaert J Lemmer

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is an unpredictable complication of varicella zoster virus- (VZV-) induced herpes zoster (HZ) which often occurs in elderly and immunocompromised persons and which can induce psychosocial dysfunction and can negatively impact on quality of life. Preventive options for PHN include vaccination of high-risk persons against HZ, early use of antiviral agents, and robust management of pain during the early stage of acute herpes zoster. If it does occur, PHN may persist for months or even years after resolution of the HZ mucocutaneous eruptions, and treatment is often only partially effective. Classical trigeminal neuralgia is a severe orofacial neuropathic pain condition characterized by unilateral, brief but recurrent, lancinating paroxysmal pain confined to the distribution of one or more of the branches of the trigeminal nerve. It may be idiopathic or causally associated with vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve root. The anticonvulsive agents, carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine, constitute the first-line treatment. Microvascular decompression or ablative procedures should be considered when pharmacotherapy is ineffective or intolerable. The aim of this short review is briefly to discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of PHN and classical trigeminal neuralgia.

Postherpetic Neuralgia

Microvascular Decompression

Trigeminal Nerve

Oxcarbazepine

Varicella zoster virus

10.1155/2017/1681765

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Citations (70)

The Biological Activities of Vitamin D and Its Receptor in Relation to Calcium and Bone Homeostasis, Cancer, Immune and Cardiovascular Systems, Skin Biology, and Oral Health

BioMed Research International (2018)

R A G Khammissa Jeanine Fourie Mojakgomo Hendrick Motswaledi Raoul Ballyram J Lemmer

Vitamin D plays an important role in calcium homeostasis and bone metabolism, with the capacity to modulate innate and adaptive immune function, cardiovascular function, and proliferation and differentiation of both normal and malignant keratinocytes. 1,25(OH) 2 D, the biologically active form of vitamin D, exerts most of its functions through the almost universally distributed nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR). Upon stimulation by 1,25(OH) 2 D, VDR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR). In turn, VDR/RXR binds to DNA sequences termed vitamin D response elements in target genes, regulating gene transcription. In order to exert its biological effects, VDR signalling interacts with other intracellular signalling pathways. In some cases 1,25(OH) 2 D exerts its biological effects without regulating either gene expression or protein synthesis. Although the regulatory role of vitamin D in many biological processes is well documented, there is not enough evidence to support the therapeutic use of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or treatment of infectious, immunoinflammatory, or hyperproliferative disorders. In this review we highlight the effects of 1,25(OH) 2 D on bone and calcium homeostasis, on cancer, and refer to its effects on the cardiovascular and immune systems.

Retinoid X receptor

Homeostasis

10.1155/2018/9276380

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Citations (195)

Oral Presentation of Haematological Disease: Part I – Diseases of Bone Marrow Failure

SADJ (2024)

Jeanine Fourie Jan G. Nel

The bone marrow is responsible for haemopoiesis, but when it fails, oral mucosal lesions may be seen due to reduced platelets, white blood cells, or red blood cells. This study aims to report on three patients who presented with leukaemia, aplastic anaemia and neutropenia, respectively, with spontaneous bleeding, ulceration and mucosal pallor.

Pallor

Aplastic anemia

Bone marrow failure

10.17159/sadj.v79i05.18080

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Burning Mouth Syndrome: Aetiopathogenesis and Principles of Management

Pain Research and Management (2017)

L. Feller Jeanine Fourie M. Bouckaert R.A.G. Khammissa Raoul Ballyram

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic debilitating oral condition characterised by a burning sensation of the oral mucosa in an otherwise apparently normal person. Its aetiology and pathogenesis are obscure, but both psychogenic factors and peripheral and central neuropathies appear to be implicated. There is no cure for BMS, and treatment with either local or systemic medications focuses on the relief of symptoms and on improving quality of life. In recalcitrant cases, psychological/psychiatric intervention may be helpful. In order to improve treatment outcomes, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this syndrome might provide a basis for the development of more effective management strategies. In this short review, we discuss current knowledge of the diagnosis, aetiopathogenesis, and management of BMS.

Burning mouth syndrome

Psychogenic disease

Etiology

Pathogenesis

Burning Sensation

10.1155/2017/1926269

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Citations (83)

Oral mucosal ulceration - a clinician's guide to diagnosis and treatment

SADJ (2016)

Jeanine Fourie SC Boy

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