Genomic selection (GS) allows safe phenotyping and reduces
cost and shortening selection cycles. Incorporating of genotype
× environment (G×E) interactions in genomic prediction models
improves the predictive ability of lines performance across environments
and in target environments. Phenotyping data on a set
of 320 elite chickpea breeding lines on different traits (e.g., plant
height, days to maturity, and seed yield), from three consecutive
years for two different treatments at two locations were recorded.
These lines were genotyped on DArTseq(1.6K) and Genotyping-
by-Sequencing (GBS; 89K SNPs) platforms. Five different
models were fitted, four of which included genomic information
as main effects (baseline model) and/or G×E interactions. Three
different cross-validation schemes that mimic real scenarios that
breeders might face on fields were considered to assess the predictive
ability of the models (CV2: incomplete field trials; CV1:
newly developed lines; and CV0: new previously untested environments).
Different prediction models gave different results for
the different traits; however, some interesting patterns were observed.
For CV1, analyzing yield seed interaction models improved
baseline counterparts on an average between 55 and 92% using
DArT and DArT combined with GBS data, respectively [between
9 and 112% for all traits]. While for CV2 these improvements varied
b tween 65 and 102% [between 8 and 130% remaining traits].
In CV0, no clear advantage was observed considering the interaction
term. These results suggest that GS models hold potential for
breeder’s applications on chickpea cultivar improvements.
Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.) is a potential legume crop of the tropics with high protein and oil content in the seeds. Analysis of the mutual genotypic relationships among twenty four genotypes of P. tetragonolobus through Mantel test found a significant correlation (r = 0.839) between similarity matrices of the results obtained from the use of the RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The UPGMA tree based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient generated from their cumulative data showed two distinct clusters and seven sub-clusters among these accessions. Quantification of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin revealed the highest percentage of occurrence of kaempferol (1.07-790.5 μg/g) and the lowest percentage of gallic acid (0.09-3.49 μg/g) in the seeds. Phytochemical analysis of the winged bean genotypes revealed that, some of the exotic lines are distinct. Analysis of photosynthesis rate, photosynthetic yield and stomatal conductance data also showed two clusters and was in congruence with the phytochemical affinities of the genotypes. The overall high level of polymorphism and varied range of genetic distances across the genotypes revealed a wide range of genetic base of P. tetragonolobus. The present investigation therefore, has provided significant insights for further improvement of winged bean germplasm for its qualitative and quantitative traits.
Background: Fetal age actually begins at conception and an equivalent term is conceptional age. Uncertain gestational age (GA) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes independent of maternal characteristics. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of fetal foot length (FFL) in estimation of gestational age.Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Trans abdominal ultrasound on 150 pregnant women with normal singleton pregnancies between 16 to 40 weeks was done to measure FFL. The relationship between GA and FFL was analysed by simple linear regression.Results: A linear relationship was demonstrated between FFL and GA. (GA (in weeks)=7.490+0.393×FFL (in mm)) with significant correlation (r=0.985, p<0.001).Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of FFL is a reliable indicator of gestational age and can be a useful alternative to estimate GA when other routine biometric parameters are not conclusive.
Breakpoints provided by European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) are now being used in many countries. This study was planned to ascertain the agreement in antimicrobial susceptibility using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and EUCAST breakpoints during the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. This was a prospective observational study. Clinical isolates belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae recovered between January and December, 2022, were included in the analysis. The diameter of the zone of inhibition of the 14 antimicrobials (viz. amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefixime, aztreonam, meropenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fosfomycin) was analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was interpreted using CLSI 2022 and EUCAST 2022 guidelines. Results: Susceptibility data from a total of 356 isolates showed a slight increase in the percentage of resistant isolates with most of the drugs using EUCAST guidelines. The level of agreement varied from almost perfect to slight. For two drugs, i.e., fosfomycin and cefazolin, the agreement was least among the drug analysed (kappa (κ) value < 0.5, p < 0.001). For Ceftriaxone and Aztreonam, with EUCAST, susceptible (S) isolates would have been categorised in the newly redefined "I" category. It would have indicated the use of higher dosages of drugs. Conclusion: Change in the breakpoints impacts the interpretation of the susceptibility. It can also lead to a change in the dosage of the drug used for treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to see the impact of recent modifications "I" category of EUCAST on the clinical outcome and usage of antimicrobials.
Breathing sustains life, natural breathing brings happiness and keep healthy. It clears the mind and calms all the emotions hence it can helps in release of the vitalizing flow of energy within us. Air pollution is responsible for various respiratory diseases such as nasal allergy, asthma, chronic bronchitis and lung cancer. It has been found that Yoga has improved pulmonary parameters in several scientific studies, both in healthy as well as in diseased individuals. It helps in increase in vital capacity, tidal volume, FeV1, Fev1/FVC ratio, expiratory reserve volume, breath holding time and many other pulmonary parameters. These changes suggest a potential preventive and therapeutic role of yoga in pulmonary diseases.It is a method of learning which aims to attain the unity of mind, body and spirit through three main yoga steps includes exercise, breathing and meditation. Results of previous research studies report that many people with serious respiratory ailments have found a solution in yoga. It has been proventhattheyogic practices help in prevention, control as well as rehabilitation of many respiratory diseases. A vital scientific and therapeutic aspect of yoga is Pranayama. Few exercises of pranayama are like Anulomaviloma, Kapalbhati, Bhramari which are the components of yoga and are the best remedies which can be help to tackle respiratory illness caused by air pollution and other naturally occurring respiratory diseases.
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common and devastating condition affecting women of all ages. Among all patients attending gynecology outpatient department clinic, more than one-third patients are related to AUB, and this proportion rises to 70% in the perimenopausal and postmenopausal age. The condition has a high reported prevalence rate of 17.9% in India. Aims and Objective: To compare endometrial sampling histopathology by Pipelle curette versus Karman cannula in patients with AUB at a tertiary care hospital in Northwest Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study conducted on 100 female patients of all age groups attending the department of obstetrics and gynecology over a period of 1 year with clinical diagnosis of AUB. After detailed history, examination, and relevant investigations, each patient was subjected first to endometrial aspiration using Pipelle curette followed by endometrial aspiration using Karman cannula No. 4. Samples collected were sent for histopathological assessment and the results were compared. Results: In our study, in 84% of cases, samples obtained by both Pipelle curette and Karman cannula were adequate. In 5% of cases, samples were inadequate by both methods. In 10% of cases, Karman cannula sample was adequate, but Pipelle curette sample was inadequate. In 1% of cases, sample could not be obtained by both procedures due to stenosed nulliparous cervix with large fibroid obstructing cervical os. Considering Karman cannula as the standard, Pipelle curette endometrial sampling demonstrated 100% sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value (PPV and NPV), and accuracy with regard to diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia. For secretory endometrium, the corresponding values were 76.5%, 100%, 100%, 95.4%, and 99%, respectively. With regard to proliferative endometrium, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 92%, 96%, 98.6%, 80%, and 93%, respectively. With regard to atrophic endometrium, specificity, NPV, and accuracy were 100%, 99%, and 99%, respectively. Pipelle curette had a concordance rate of 87.5% with hysterectomy specimen, while Karman cannula had a concordance rate of 100%. Conclusion: Both Pipelle curette and Karman cannula endometrial aspiration biopsy are easy to perform, efficient, and safe outpatient endometrial sampling procedure in recognizing the endometrial lesions including malignancy and endometrial hyperplasia; however, Karman cannula had more adequate sample than Pipelle curette.
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