Abstract Research in intelligent drug delivery systems within the field of biomedicine promises to enhance drug efficacy at disease sites and reduce associated side effects. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), characterized by their large specific surface area, appropriate pore size, and excellent biocompatibility, have garnered significant attention as one of the most effective carriers for drug delivery. The hydroxyl groups on their surface are active functional groups, facilitating easy functionalization. The installation of controllable molecular machines on the surface of mesoporous silica to construct nanovalves represents a crucial advancement in developing intelligent drug delivery systems (DDSs) and addressing the issue of premature drug release. In this review, we compile several notable and illustrative examples of MSNs and discuss their varied applications in DDSs. These applications span regulated and progressive drug release mechanisms. MSNs hold the potential to enhance drug solubility, improve drug stability, and mitigate drug toxicity, attributable to their ease of functionalization. Furthermore, intelligent hybrid nanomaterials are being developed, featuring programmable properties that react to a broad spectrum of stimuli, including light, pH, enzymes, and redox triggers, through the use of molecular and supramolecular switches.
Folium nelumbinis was used as vegetable, functional food and herbal medicine in Asia. In this study, p-sulfonatocalix[6]arenes (SC6A) assisted extraction of nuciferine from the Folium nelumbinis has been carried out to develop an eco-friendly extraction process with high extraction efficacy and facilitated operation. A single factor test was adopted to obtain the optimal extraction conditions, involved the use of 0.4:1:20 (g/g/mL) SC6A / Folium nelumbinis / solution ratio, below 180 μm granulometric fraction and 1 h extraction time with soaking method. Nuciferine and SC6A were separated easily by alkalization, the purity and recovery of nuciferine extracted with SC6A were increased 29.24 and 35.73 times compared with aqueous solution. Moreover, a good reusability of SC6A in the extraction of nuciferine was demonstrated. Competitive fluorescence titration, DSC and FT-IR characterization indicated that SC6A could form host-guest complexes with nuciferine at 1:1 ratio with a binding constant value of 5.55 × 105 M-1. The study provided an eco-friendly, safe and effective method for further development of nutrition supplements contains nuciferine
Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) have been widely studied as drug delivery carriers due to their high drug loading capacity in the internal cavity. In this study, monodisperse and temperature-responsive hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN@P(NIPAM-co-NHMA)) were synthesized and investigated. HMSN and HMSN@P(NIPAM-co-NHMA) were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, TGA, XRD and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The results showed that the cross-linked temperature-sensitive polymer P(NIPAM-co-NHMA) was grafted onto the surface of HMSN. Subsequently, using PUE as the drug model, the results demonstrated that the HMSN@P(NIPAM-co-NHMA) had an excellent loading efficiency and exhibited excellently temperature-sensitive release behavior. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and stability of HMSN and HMSN@P(NIPAM-co-NHMA) were studied by MTT assay and hemolysis assay, the results indicated HMSN@P(NIPAM-co-NHMA) possessed excellent biocompatibility and stability. Thus, we have successfully synthesized HMSN@P(NIPAM-co-NHMA), and the drug release is temperature-responsive, which can realize controlled drug release.
The p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes are supposed to show potential application in the clinical treatment of viologen poisoning. In the present study, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (C4AS), the most common derivative of p-sulfonatocalix[n]arenes, is used to study the antidotic mechanism for paraquat (PQ) by pharmacokinetics in vivo. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to determine the concentration of PQ in rat plasma. The results showed that the peak plasma concentration (C(max)) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) were significantly lower after C4AS intervention than in the PQ intoxication group. It was considered that C4AS has great effective detoxication to PQ poisoning, and the results of in vitro intestinal absorption studies showed that C4AS can inhibit the absorption of PQ via oral administration by forming a stable inclusion constant.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) are one of the most promising carriers for drug delivery. MSNs have been widely used in pharmaceutical research as drug carriers because of their large pore volume, high surface area, excellent biocompatibility, nontoxicity, ease to functionalize, and sustained release effects. MSNs have attracted much attention during drug delivery because of their special structure.The present study aimed to synthesize mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSN), and hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) through facile methods, and to compare the drug release properties of nano-porous silica with different pore structures as a stroma for PUE drug.MSN, DMSN, and HMSN were characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR, nitrogen adsorptiondesorption isotherms, XRD, and zeta potential methods. Subsequently, puerarin (PUE) was used as the active ingredient and loaded into the three mesoporous materials, respectively. And, the drug delivery behavior was measured in PBS solution with different pH values. The sustained-release properties of MSN, DMSN, and HMSN loaded with PUE were investigated. Finally, the biocompatibility and stability of MSN, DMSN, and HMSN were studied by MTT assay and hemolysis assay.Our results showed that MSN, DMSN, and HMSN were successfully synthesized and the three types of mesoporous silica nanoparticles had higher drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. According to the first-order release equation curve and Higuchi equation parameters, the results showed that the PUE-loaded MSN, DMSN, and HMSN exhibited sustained-release properties. Finally, MTT and hemolysis methods displayed that MSN, DMSN, and HMSN had good biocompatibility and stability.In this study, MSN, DMSN, and HMSN were successfully synthesized, and to compare the drug release properties of nano-porous silica with different pore structures as a stroma for PUE drug, we provided a theoretical and practical basis for the application of PUE.
A facile strategy to prepare snap-top magnetic nanocarriers has been developed where ultrasmall superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were used as the core with mesoporous silica as the shell followed by the covalent installation of a layer of β-cyclodextrins on the outer surfaces. The smart hybrid nanomaterials showed remarkable pH- and sugar-responsive cargo release property and low cytotoxicity as proved by an MTT assay with HEK293T cell lines.
Introduction: Assessing the cytotoxicity of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has gained importance due to their development in the biomedical field. Method: In this study, we systematically synthesized gold nanorods (GNRs), gold nanobipyramids (GNBPs), and gold nanocups (GNCs) using a seed-mediated method, with an average length of 32.53 ± 4.67 nm, 72.90 ± 7.54 nm and 118.01 ± 11.02 nm, respectively. Results: Furthermore, using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, we assessed the cellular cytotoxicity of three different types of GNPs with various different surface coatings, such as organic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results showed that the cytotoxic behavior of GNPs was shape-dependent in the concentration range of 3.125 -100 μg/mL. The types of GNPs and their surface coating had a significant impact on how the GNPs behaved in cells. Compared to PEG-coated GNPs, which do not induce cell injury, CTAB-coated GNPs show more noticeable cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Furthermore, compared to GNCs, the toxicity of GNRs and GNBPs against GES-1 cells, RAW 264.7 cells and LX-2 cells was greater. Our research provides an important new understanding of the effects of surface modification on the biocompatibility and the shape of GNPs in the biomedical field.
Objective: A novel dendritic mesoporous silica nanomaterials (DMSN) was prepared and the traditional Chinese Medicine Component "Toosendanin-Tetrahydropalmatine" was loaded into DMSN in order to improve the solubility of Tetrahydropalmatine B, reduce the toxicity of Toosendanin, and enhance the anti-peripheral pain effect of the traditional. Chinese Medicine "Toosendanin-Tetrahydropalmatine" through preliminary pharmacodynamics study. Methods: DMSN were prepared using the sol-gel method and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR). The preliminary study of the anti-peripheral pain pharmacodynamics of the drug-loaded system in mice was evaluated by the hot plate method. Results: The prepared DMSN has an excellent spherical shape in SEM, the size distribution of the DMSN is about 200nm, the size distribution is uniform, and the dispersion is good. The infrared results showed that the synthesized DMSN had organic functional groups and chemical structures. Compared with the control group, the pain threshold of DMSN loaded with the Toosendanin-tetrahydropalmatine group was prolonged by 45 seconds. Conclusion: The synthesized DMSN loaded with Toosendanin and Tetrahydropalmatine could release stably and continuously and had the effect of extending the pain threshold of mice. Therefore, DMSN drug delivery system has potential value in improving the bioabsorption of dangerous drugs and enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
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