Nut consumption has been associated with improved nutrient adequacy and diet quality in healthy adult populations but this association has never been explored in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.to assess the associations between consumption of nuts and nutrient adequacy and diet quality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.baseline assessment of nutritional adequacy in participants (n = 6060, men and women, with ages 55⁻75 years old, with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome) in the PREDIMED-PLUS primary cardiovascular prevention randomized trial.nut intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Participants who reported consuming zero quantity of nuts were classified as 'non-nut consumers'. 'Nut consumers' were participants who reported consuming any quantity of nuts. Nineteen micronutrients were examined (vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, A, C, D, E and folic acid; Ca, K, P, Mg, Fe, Se, Cr, Zn, and iodine). The proportion of micronutrient inadequacy was estimated using the estimated average requirements (EAR) or adequate intake (AI) cut-points. Diet quality was also assessed using a 17-item Mediterranean dietary questionnaire (Mediterranean diet score, MDS), a carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and a fat quality index (FQI).eighty-two percent of participants were nut consumers (median of nut consumption 12.6 g/day; interquartile range: 6.0⁻25.2). Nut consumers were less likely to be below the EAR for vitamins A, B1, B2, B6, C, D, E, folic acid, and Ca, Mg, Se and Zn than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers were also more likely to be above the AI for K and Cr than non-nut consumers. Nut consumers had lower prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intakes, but also higher CQI, higher FQI, and better scores of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean diet score, MDS).nut consumers had better nutrient adequacy, diet quality, and adherence to the MedDiet than those non-nut consumers.

Mediterranean Diet

10.3390/nu11040754

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Mediterranean Diet and atherothrombosis biomarkers: a randomized controlled trial

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (2019)

Álvaro Hernáez Olga Castañer Anna Tresserra‐Rimbau Xavier Pintó Montserrat Fitó

ABSTRACT Scope To assess whether following a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) improves atherothrombosis biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk individuals. Methods and results In 358 random volunteers from the PREDIMED trial ( Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea ), we assessed the 1-year effects on atherothrombosis markers of an intervention with MedDiet, enriched with virgin olive oil (MedDiet-VOO; N =120) or nuts (MedDiet-Nuts; N =119) versus a low-fat control diet ( N =119). In a secondary, observational approach, we studied whether volunteers with large increments in MedDiet adherence (>2 score points) were associated with 1-year improvements in biomarkers (relative to those worsening their adherence). The MedDiet-VOO intervention increased platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase activity in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) by 7.5% [95% confidence interval: 0.17; 14.8] and decreased HDL-bound α 1 -antitrypsin levels by 6.1% [−11.8; −0.29]. The MedDiet-Nuts one reduced non-esterified fatty acid concentrations by 9.3% [−18.1; −0.53]. Only the low-fat diet was associated with increases in platelet factor-4 and prothrombin factor 1+2 levels versus baseline ( P =0.012 and P =0.003, respectively, according to Wilcoxon signed-rank tests). Finally, large MedDiet increments were associated with less fibrinogen (−9.5% [−18.3; −0.60]) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (−16.7% [−31.7; −1.74]). Conclusion Following a MedDiet improves atherothrombosis biomarkers in high cardiovascular risk individuals.

Mediterranean Diet

10.1101/19001909

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Correction to: Dietary total antioxidant capacity and mortality in the PREDIMED study

European Journal of Nutrition (2021)

Patricia Henríquez-Sánchez Almudena Sánchez‐Villegas Cristina Ruano-Rodríguez Alfredo Gea Rosa M. Lamuela‐Raventós

10.1007/s00394-021-02726-6

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Long-Term Prognosis of First Myocardial Infarction According to the Electrocardiographic Pattern (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Non-Classified Myocardial Infarction) and Revascularization Procedures

The American Journal of Cardiology (2011)

Cosme García‐García Isaac Subirana Joan Sala Jordi Bruguera Ginés Sanz

ST elevation

10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.06.003

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Effect of Combined Beta-Blocker and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Treatment on 1-Year Survival After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Findings of the PRIAMHO-II Registry

Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition) (2006)

Fernando Arós A Loma-Osorio Joan Vila Lorenzo López‐Bescós José Cuñat

Clinical endpoint

Beta blocker

10.1016/s1885-5857(06)60767-6

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Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Journal of the American Heart Association (2016)

Aleix Sala‐Vila Marta Guasch‐Ferré Frank B. Hu Ana Sánchez‐Tainta Mònica Bulló

Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived ω-3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day).We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9-y follow-up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.92) for all-cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58-1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67-1.05) for all-cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29-0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22-1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all-cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45-0.87]).In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all-cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish-derived long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639.

Linolenic acid

Mediterranean Diet

alpha-Linolenic acid

Fish consumption

Consumption

10.1161/jaha.115.002543

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