Nitrogen-functionalized carbon nanofibers (N-CNFs) were prepared by carbonizing polypyrrole (PPy)-coated cellulose NFs, which were obtained by electrospinning, deacetylation of electrospun cellulose acetate NFs, and PPy polymerization. Supercapacitor electrodes prepared from N-CNFs and a mixture of N-CNFs and Ni(OH)2 showed specific capacitances of ∼236 and ∼1045 F g–1, respectively. An asymmetric supercapacitor was further fabricated using N-CNFs/Ni(OH)2 and N-CNFs as positive and negative electrodes. The supercapacitor device had a working voltage of 1.6 V in aqueous KOH solution (6.0 M) with an energy density as high as ∼51 (W h) kg–1 and a maximum power density of ∼117 kW kg–1. The device had excellent cycle lifetime, which retained ∼84% specific capacitance after 5000 cycles of cyclic voltammetry scans. N-CNFs derived from electrospun cellulose may be useful as an electrode material for development of high-performance supercapacitors and other energy storage devices.
Background: HbA1c levels are elevated in PCOS patients, but little is known about the causal relationship. We aimed to evaluate whether glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is causally associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and is driven by glycemic and/or nonglycemic factors.Methods: In mendelian randomization study, genetic data from several East Asian cohorts (4,386 cases and 8,017 controls for PCOS; 42,790 participants in the BioBank Japan Project and 33,741 participants in the East Asian ancestry of the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium for HbA1c; and more than 108,000 participants in the BioBank Japan Project for erythrocyte traits), we estimated the association between HbA1c and related factors and PCOS using inverse variance weighting (IVW). In retrospective case-control study, a total of 2,779 PCOS patients and 8,337 age-matched controls were admitted to the hospital from January 2010 to August 2020 to explore and test the risk factors for PCOS.Findings: A higher genetically predicted HbA1c was found to be associated with increased odds of PCOS (odds ratio (OR)=2.168 per standard deviation increase in HbA1c, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.223 to 3.842). A higher HbA1c was associated with increased PCOS risk when using only erythrocyte variants (OR=2.939, 95% CI 1.008 to 8.568), but the association was not significant when using only glycemic variants (OR=1.598, 95% CI 0.664 to 3.850). For erythrocyte traits, a causal association was observed between PCOS and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC, OR=0.728, 95% CI 0.532 to 0.995). There was little evidence supporting a causal effect on PCOS for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell count (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), or mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH). However, reverse Mendelian randomization provided no evidence for a causal role of PCOS in HbA1c or MCHC. Compared with control women, PCOS patients had lower Hb, Hct, RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC in the retrospective analysis. Logistic regression analysis showed that MCHC was inversely associated with PCOS (OR=0.979, 95% CI 0.976 to 0.982 per unit increase).Interpretation: Genetic evidence supports a causal link between higher HbA1c and higher PCOS risk, and erythrocyte factors play a compelling causal role. Among erythrocyte traits, MCHC has a protective effect against PCOS.Funding Information: This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (U1804284, 32070679, 81871051, 82071500, 81701321, 81871055), the National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFA0905400, 2017YFC0908105, 2016YFC1306903), Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2017SHZDZX01,18DZ2260200), the Shanghai Natural Science Funding (16ZR1449700), the National Program for Support of Top-Notch Young Professionals, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (13dz2260500), Shanghai Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program (19MC911100), Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (ZK2015B01, 201540114), Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (tsqn201812153) and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2019YQ14).Declaration of Interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at http://www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: no support from any organization for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organization that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years, no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by the ethical review committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (ID: QYFYKYLL 851311920). All original studies passed ethical review, and informed consent was obtained from the participants.
The thin hot air bonded nonwovens were made of bicomponent fibers and PET fibers in different blending rate, and the properties of warmth retention, thickness density, air volume fraction of nonwovens are measured under the present national criterion. By analyzing the results the influences of different factors on the warmth retention property are discussed and the suggestions for the application and design of the hot air bonded materials are put forward.
Ultrafine PDMS fibers with unexpectedly-high elasticity were prepared by core–shell electrospinning and in situ curing of PDMS in electrospun core–sheath nanofibers.
Electrospun nanofiber-based waterproof and breathable membranes (WBMs) that can provide a high level of protection and excellent air permeability and functionality are becoming promising core materials in numerous fields. However, large challenges still remain in the facile preparation of high-performance and smart WBMs capable of forecasting the failure of waterproof protection. Herein, amphiphobic TPU/PVDF-HFP nanofiber membranes with an interlaced fibrous structure are prepared by a one-step multineedle electrospinning technology. The obtained membranes demonstrate outstanding waterproofness with a hydrostatic pressure of over 108 kPa, a high air permeability of over 10 mm s–1, and a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of 8.40 kg m–2 d–1, as well as excellent mechanical properties with a tensile strength of 6.07 MPa and a tensile strain of 117.11%. These make them extremely suitable for WBM applications. More importantly, due to the robust interlaced fibrous structure and the piezoelectric property of PVDF-HFP, the hydrostatic pressure of the TPU/PVDF-HFP membranes can be easily monitored and predicted by measuring the voltage output, indicating excellent hydrostatic pressure monitoring capability. The addition of low-surface-energy chemical materials endows the membranes with durable amphiphobicity against various harsh conditions, which further enhances the waterproof property. Such versatile nanofiber membranes would be desirable for potential applications in protective clothing and wearable electronic products and would provide a source of inspiration for the fabrication of smart WBMs.
Abstract A novel concept of preparing directional water transport cotton fabrics with high air permeability even if at a fully wetted state is demonstrated here. A two‐step electrospraying technique is employed to form a superhydrophobic pattern array on cotton fabric at the first step followed by single‐side electrospray treatment. The superhydrophobic pattern plays key roles not only in maintaining the cotton fabric at a high air permeability in wet state but also in enhancing one‐way transport capacity. In comparison to the single side electrosprayed fabric, which shows directional water transport property without superhydrophobic pattern, the one with a superhydrophobic pattern has 1.89 times higher one‐way transport index, whereas its air permeability is just reduced by 1.8% when it is wetted with water. This novel concept may be useful for design of high performance moisture management fabrics for various applications.
Surfaces possessing desirable underliquid special wettability, particularly underliquid dual superlyophobicity, have a high potential for extensive applications. However, there is still a lack of controllable preparation strategies to regulate the underliquid wettability via balancing the underliquid lyophilicity-lyophobicity. Herein, we develop a nanocomposite coating system comprising silica nanoparticles (NPs), glycerol propoxylate triglycidyl ether (GPTE), and fluorinated alkyl silane (FAS) to obtain controllable underliquid special wettability surfaces. FAS is the vital factor in guiding the preparation of the surface coating with expected underliquid superwettability. Increasing the FAS content results in a tendency toward underwater superoleophobicity/underoil hydrophilicity to underwater oleophilicity/underoil superhydrophobicity. Significantly, the underliquid dual superlyophobic surface can be achieved when an appropriate FAS content is located. After the coating treatment, the fabric exhibits superamphiphilicity in air and superlyophobicity in liquid (i.e., exhibiting both underwater superoleophobicity and underoil superhydrophobicity). The coating also exhibits an adaptable antioil fouling ability and high durability against harsh environments. Furthermore, oil/water separation based on the underliquid dual superlyophobicity of coated fabrics is successfully demonstrated. Our work proposes a new fabrication principle for the design of underliquid special wettability surfaces and offers broad applications, such as switchable oil/water separation, antibiofouling, liquid manipulation, and smart textiles.
Coil-based electrospinning is among the most efficient needleless electrospinning technologies. Conventional coil electrospinning typically uses a coil with a smooth wire surface as the spinneret. The effect of wire surface morphology on coil electrospinning and nanofiber production is scarcely reported. Herein, we report a novel coil electrospinning that has a secondary coil structure on the coil spinneret. The secondary coil was found to have a great effect on the coil electrospinning process. It reduced the voltage for jet initiation by 4 kV and increased the nanofiber production rate by over 170% but had little influence on fiber diameter. The finite element analysis indicated that the secondary coil structure increased the electric field intensity on the coil surface and fiber-generating areas. These novel understandings may be useful for designing high-efficiency electrospinning spinnerets for nanofiber mass production.
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