Better clarification of the long-term relationship among the various implant-related measures could improve the evaluation process for dental implants. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the potential correlations among the volumetric features and nitric oxide content of peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) and measures of implant stability, and the marginal bone loss. Completely edentulous patients (n=15) treated with dental implants and ball attachment mandibular over dentures were included. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA), marginal bone level measurements, PISF volume and spectrophotometrically determined nitrite levels were recorded for all dental implant sites. Measures for early (n=16) and delayed (n=14) loaded dental implants were comparatively analysed for a period of 18 months. Some random correlations between PISF volume and marginal bone level, PISF nitrite level and marginal bone level and PISF volume and PISF nitrite content, and RFA and PISF volume were observed. However, the only constant correlation was noticed between implant stability (RFA scores) and marginal bone level. This correlation was negative and significant for all dental implants and for delayed loaded implants (P<0.05). The pattern of loading seemed to affect the extent, but not the pattern of this relationship. While some of the implant-related measures may be strongly associated (e.g. dental implant stability and marginal bone level), not all measures from a single implant site are likely to be related. Such associations may be under the influence of a variety of factors including the loading protocol of dental implants.
Chronic cough is a common respiratory symptom with an impact on daily activities and quality of life. Global prevalence data are scarce and derive mainly from European and Asian countries and studies with outcomes other than chronic cough. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough across a large number of study sites as well as to identify its main risk factors using a standardised protocol and definition.
Temel hedefleri bütçe kısıtları altında en kaliteli veriyi elde edebilmek olan farklı veri toplama yöntemlerinin avantajlı ve dezavantajlı yönleri bulunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla farklı veri toplama yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılmasına yönelik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu sayede araştırma konusuna en uygun veri toplama yöntemi belirlenebilecektir. Bu çalışmanın amaçları, dört farklı veri toplama metodu için hazırlanan üç farklı soru kâğıdı ve bir görüşme yönergesinin sıralı karmaşık metod ile eğitim fakültelerinin dekanlarına ve diğer cevaplayıcılara uygulanması ile e-posta, web, telefon ve yüz-yüze görüşme veri toplama yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması ve eğitim fakültelerinin temel sorunların tespit edilmesidir. Çalışma neticesinde elde edilen bulguların eğitim sosyolojisi alanına da katkı sağlaması hedeflenmektedir. Bulgular, ilave bir bütçenin bulunmadığı ve cevaplayıcıların uzman kişilerden oluştuğu durumlarda; cevaplayıcıların belirli ölçütler çerçevesinde sınıflandırılması; her sınıf için farklı veri toplama yönteminin uygulanması kaydıyla web ve telefon ile görüşme yöntemlerinin bu tip araştırmalarda kullanılmasının daha avantajlı olabileceği söylenebilecektir. Türkiye’deki eğitim fakültelerinin temel sorun alanları ise hizmet öncesi eğitime giriş sınavı, hizmet öncesi hizmet öncesi eğitim ve atama/yerleştirme alanları olarak belirlenmiştir.
Abstract With the outbreak of civil war in Syria, Turkey has become the host of the largest refugee population in the world. In a country where reliable population registration systems are only recently established and where no extensive legal arrangements on migration existed prior to the Syrian crisis, the whole refugee situation was handled rather unsystematically, with ever‐changing institutions and regulations, and various iterations of both. In this paper we present the demographic statistics that have been made public by different sources from the beginning of the crisis up to today because they are hard to reach in one place accompanied by relevant institutional changes; with the aim of assessing the current demographic data and revealing what is missing.
Turkey is currently home to the largest population of Syrian migrants in the world. Current political developments do not suggest an immediate resolution to the conflict in Syria, which translates to an uncertain future for Syrians in Turkey. Given the magnitude of this population, accurate numbers are essential for suitable policy development and planning. Therefore, we attempt to quantify the size and structure of the Syrian migrant population for the next three decades under three migration scenarios, using the cohort-component projection method. We estimate the size of the population to be 4.8 million, 7.8 million and 10.1 million, according to our out-migration, in-migration and zero-migration scenarios, respectively.
Rationale: The Global Burden of Disease program identified smoking and ambient and household air pollution as the main drivers of death and disability from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objectives: To estimate the attributable risk of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO), a quantifiable characteristic of COPD, due to several risk factors. Methods: The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study is a cross-sectional study of adults, aged ≥40, in a globally distributed sample of 41 urban and rural sites. Based on data from 28,459 participants, we estimated the prevalence of CAO, defined as a postbronchodilator FEV1-to-FVC ratio less than the lower limit of normal, and the relative risks associated with different risk factors. Local relative risks were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model borrowing information from across sites. From these relative risks and the prevalence of risk factors, we estimated local population attributable risks. Measurements and Main Results: The mean prevalence of CAO was 11.2% in men and 8.6% in women. The mean population attributable risk for smoking was 5.1% in men and 2.2% in women. The next most influential risk factors were poor education levels, working in a dusty job for ≥10 years, low body mass index, and a history of tuberculosis. The risk of CAO attributable to the different risk factors varied across sites. Conclusions: Although smoking remains the most important risk factor for CAO, in some areas, poor education, low body mass index, and passive smoking are of greater importance. Dusty occupations and tuberculosis are important risk factors at some sites.
Compared to its past structure, Turkey is now a country with low levels of fertility and mortality. This junction that Turkey now has reached is associated with a number of risks, such as an ageing population, and a decreasing working-age population. The antinatalist policy era of Turkey was followed by a period of maintenance, yet the recent demographic changes formed the basis of a pronatalist population policy from the government’s view. This study discusses the link between demographic change and population policies in Turkey. It further aims to position Turkey spatially in relation to selected countries that are in various stages of their demographic transitions with different population policies, using a multidimensional scaling approach with data on 25 selected countries from the UN. The analysis is based on a 34-year period, 1975-2009, so as to better demonstrate Turkey’s international position on a social map, past and present. Our findings suggest that Turkey’s position on the social map shifted towards developed countries over time in terms of demographic indicators and population policies.
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