This paper develops a stochastic learning model in which agents choose a limited number of partners to play size-dependent minimum-effort games. The payoff for each agent in this interaction depends on the minimum of the efforts of her partners and herself, and is increasing with the size of her interaction neighborhood. We show that when agents interact with everyone with whom they have a link, whoever forms it, coordination on the lowest effort is (uniquely) selected in the long run.
Di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) is a plasticizer commonly used in industrial production and is present in our daily life. It has been confirmed that DBP causes genitourinary malformations, especially hypospadias. However, the research of hypospadias mainly focusses on the genital tubercle in previous studies. In this study, we found DBP could affect the exocrine function of the vascular endothelium which disturb the development of genital nodules and induced hypospadias. We used cytokine array to find that vascular endothelium-derived NAP-2 may be a major abnormal secreted cytokine with biological functions. The transcriptomic sequencing analysis showed that abnormal activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway was the main reason for increased NAP-2 secretion. The expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers and NAP-2 in hypospadias animal models were detected with Immunohistochemistry, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, and ELISA methods. The expression levels of NAP-2, RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway related proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in HUVEC cells, EMT biomarkers and migration capacity of urothelial cells cocultured with HUVEC were measured with ELISA, flow cytometry, Western blot or Transwell assay for further cell experiments. The results showed that DBP leaded to NAP-2 oversecretion from vascular endothelium mainly rely on the activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway and ROS accumulation. The RhoA/ROCK inhibitor fasudil could partially decrease ROS production, and both fasudil and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) could decrease NAP-2 secretion. Meanwhile, the oversecretion of NAP-2 from HUVEC in coculture system promoted EMT and migration capacity of urothelial cells, and TGF-β inhibitor LY219761 could block the aberrant activation of EMT process. Therefore, it could be concluded that DBP increase NAP-2 secretion from vascular endothelium by RhoA/ROCK/ROS pathway, and further promote EMT in urothelial cells through TGF-β pathway. This study provided a novel direction for studying the occurrence of hypospadias and may provide a hypospadias predictive marker in the future.
At present, it is difficult to distinguish the relationship between the mechanical properties and process parameters of composites by direct calculation or finite element method. But, through the neural network method, there is no need to involve the solid-liquid coupling problem. In this paper, via the study of neural network, the model of relationship between the process parameters and the mechanical properties of the composites is established. The calculated results of the model are in good agreement with the experimental values after training the classifiers by the samples, and its show that the model is correct. At the same time, a set of data is used to test the model, and the results are consistent. This study also shows that the interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composites increase with the decrease of resin injection temperature，shortening of resin injection time and the increase of resin injection pressure.
Objective To investigate the incidence and related risk factors of fatty liver in sea-duty personnel with large sample questionnaire and provide bases for precautions. Methods Medical examinations were taken to examine weight, height , level of fasting plasma lipid (FPL) and fatty degree of liver in 518 cases. Related factors were investigated by questionnaire and determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The morbidity of fatty liver was 13. 6% in this investigation. Alcohol drinking, body mass index (BMI) , hyperlipemia and age were the possible risk factors of fatty liver. Conclusions The morbidity of fatty liver in sea-duty personnel was higher compared with general population. Measures of controllable risk factors should be taken.
Key words:
Fatty liver; Risk factor; Sea-duty personnel
The architectural outer walls surface is an important part in the urban environmental design. And the quality of the outer walls surface makes a great effect on the beauty of the city surroundings. In order to enhance the effects of the outer walls surface, this article, concerning many cases and pollution problems, puts forwards several effective measures of protection and improvement.
Early exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) can cause hypospadias in newborn foetuses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not well defined. Aberrant angiogenesis is associated with various dysplasias including urogenital deficits. In vivo and in vitro angiogenesis assays showed reduced angiogenesis in the hypospadias group and DBP exposed group. RNA-sequencing analysis of DBP-treated HUVECs revealed decreased expression of transforming growth factor beta 1-induced transcript 1 (TGFB1I1) and a significantly enriched angiogenesis-associated pathway. Further experiments revealed that decreased TGFB1I1 expression was associated with disrupted tube formation and migration, which resulted in decreased angiogenesis. Functional assays revealed that the overexpression of TGFB1I1 promoted tube formation and migration of HUVECs in the DBP-treated group. Moreover, we showed that the transcription factor AR was regulated by TGFB1I1 through inhibiting its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Together, our results identified TGFB1I1 as a component of aberrant angiogenesis in hypospadias rats and its interaction with AR might be a potential target for hypospadias development.
The essay summarizes connotation and characteristics of innovation cluster based on the research of scholars at home and abroad from the point of cooperation and linkages, technology and innovation. Besides, it combs the research which is from scholars at home and abroad about the formation mechanism of innovation cluster, and then discusses the current situation of the theory and practice innovation cluster at home and abroad. It is concluded that current research is short of empirical research and existing theory can not efficiently instruct the practice. So the author puts forward his own suggestions and the prospect of the future.
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