Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the most common malignant gynecological tumors. Interval cytoreductive surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy are the standard treatments. However, acquired resistance to cisplatin presents a major challenge for improving the overall survival and prognosis of patients. Recent evidence indicates that cytoprotective functions of autophagy in cancer cells is a potential mechanism for chemoresistance. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms responsible for cisplatin resistance in EOC cell lines. The results revealed that cisplatin activated autophagy, measured by an increase in the expression of LC3-II by western blot analysis, protecting ovarian cancer cells from cisplatin toxicity. The present study also identified Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) as a novel autophagy regulator that serves a role in cisplatin resistance. Treatment with cisplatin was observed to enhance BAG3 expression in parental and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cell lines, and the downregulation of BAG3 blocked cisplatin-induced autophagy, thereby increasing cisplatin sensitivity in the EOC cell lines. In conclusion, BAG3 attenuates cisplatin resistance by inhibiting autophagy, suggesting that downregulation of BAG3 may be a useful therapeutic strategy to overcome cisplatin resistance by preventing cytoprotective autophagy in EOC.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical and radiological outcomes of active thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis (TB) treated by application of transforaminal-lumbar interbody fusion technology combined with lesion clearance and chemotherapy via catheter (TCLC). Posterior debridement and indwelling catheterization in the lesion area were performed for direct injection of anti-TB drugs, so as to reduce the recurrence rate. The present prospective study comprised 26 patients with active thoracolumbar spinal TB who underwent TCLC at Hong Hui Hospital affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University (Xi'an, China). The kyphotic Cobb angle at presentation, after surgery and at the final follow-up were 22.7±9.8, 9.8±7.3 and 10.3±8.8°, respectively, with an average correction of 13.1±5.4° after surgery, and a loss of correction of 1.8±1.0° at the final follow-up. The rate of correction and loss of correction were 56.6 and 8.3%, respectively. At six months after the surgery, all abnormal erythrocyte sedimentation rates and C-reactive protein levels had returned to normal. The average time to union was ~5 months. All patients had bony union and improved neurological function, with their daily activity returning to normal. In conclusion, in the present study, application of TCLC for the treatment of spinal TB achieved satisfactory healing of lesions. The surgical treatment for spinal TB comprised the removal of the disease as far as possible, and the local administration of anti-TB chemotherapy to the lesion is key to successful treatment.
The pseudogene legumain (LGMN) has been reported to regulate cancer cell biology. However, the role of LGMN in thyroid carcinoma remains unknown. Herein, Cell Counting Kit 8 and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate cellular proliferation and invasion capacity, respectively. In addition, a tube formation assay was performed to assess HUVEC angiogenesis. The results showed that LGMN depletion attenuated cellular proliferation, invasion and tube formation ability, and that LGMN expression was dysregulated in thyroid carcinoma tumors. Furthermore, patients with high LGMN expression levels exhibited a lower overall survival rate than those with low expression levels. LGMN and microRNA (miR)‑495 modulated the expression levels of autophagy‑related gene 3 (ATG3) and p62. Finally, ATG3 overexpression rescued the LGMN‑regulated thyroid carcinoma phenotype. In conclusion, LGMN was found to promote thyroid carcinoma progression via the miR‑495/autophagy axis, thus providing novel insights for understanding the pathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma.
Bacilli are used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against phytopathogens and most of them can produce poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) as one of the major extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, the role of γ-PGA in plant biocontrol is still unclear. In this study, Bacillus atrophaeus NX-12 (γ-PGA yield: 16.8 g/l) was screened, which formed a strong biofilm and has been proved to be a promising BCA against Cucumber Fusarium wilt. Then, the γ-PGA synthesis gene cluster pgsBCA was knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9n. Interestingly, the antifungal ability of γ-PGA synthetase-deficient strain NX-12Δpgs (γ-PGA yield: 1.65 g/l) was improved in vitro, while the biocontrol ability of NX-12Δpgs was greatly diminished in situ. Data proved that γ-PGA produced by NX-12 contributes to the biofilm formation and rhizosphere colonization, which effectively improved biocontrol capability. Taken together, these findings prove that the mechanism of γ-PGA promotes the colonization of NX-12 and thus assists in controlling plant diseases, which highlight the key role of γ-PGA produced by BCA in biocontrol.
Objective
To explore how to determine distal tibial valgus or varus during treatment of distal tibial fractures with intramedullary nails.
Methods
Between January 2014 and January 2015, 27 distal tibia fractures were surgically treated with intramedullary nails at our department. They were 19 men and 8 women, aged from 22 to 76 years(average, 44. 6 years). Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken in the course of preoperative radiological evaluation. To determine distal tibial valgus or varus, the parallel relationship between the distal horizontal interlocking nail and the ankle joint was examined in the anteroposterior X-ray films.
Results
The 27 patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months(average, 18. 3 months). The fractures healed after 3. 2 to 6. 7 months(average, 4. 5 months). The intraoperative measurement found 19 normal cases, 6 cases of valgus and 2 cases of varus. The abnormal cases were all corrected accordingly. At 2 days after surgery, the lateral angle of the distal tibia ranged from 87. 4° to 89. 2°(average, 88. 3° ± 0. 9°)at the normal side, from 87. 6°to 90. 2°(average, 88. 9° ± 1. 3°)at the affected side, showing no significant difference(P> 0. 05). According to the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score at 12 months post-surgery, 18 cases were excellent, 6 good, 2 fair, and one poor, giving an excellent to good rate of 88. 9%.
Conclusions
The distal tibial valgus or varus can be determined during operation using the angle between the distal horizontal interlocking nail and the ankle joint in anteroposterior X-ray films. This effective technique can lead to timely treatment of the distal tibial valgus or varus.
Key words:
Tibial fractures; Fracture fixation, intramedullary; Clubfoot; Valgus; Varus
Heat stroke, triggered by excessive heat exposure or intense physical activity, is a medical condition characterized by a rapid rise in core body temperature, central nervous system dysfunction and multiorgan failure. A patient presented with heat stroke and was unconscious. During treatment, we identified a range of complications, including shifted flora, coagulation abnormalities, liver damage and renal failure-indicating multiorgan dysfunction. We administered antibiotic therapy, blood purification and other comprehensive treatments, leading to the patient's recovery and subsequent discharge. For cases of heat stroke in an intensive care setting, clinicians must recognize the condition early and act swiftly to reduce body temperature. Additionally, the early use of antibiotics can help prevent microbial imbalance. For eligible patients, hemodialysis should be initiated promptly to manage renal complications effectively.
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