Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most predominant histological subtype of lung cancer characterized by driver mutations detected in a substantial proportion of the cases. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are standard care for the patients with these mutations. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of an NGS-based 8-gene test in selecting TKIs-sensitive patients in a cohort of treatment-naive Chinese LUAD patients and evaluated the sensitivity of rare compound mutations to different EGFR-TKIs in vitro. Material and methods Targeted sequencing covering the hotspot regions of eight LUAD driver genes was performed across 853 treatment-naive LUAD patients admitted in Henan Cancer Hospital (HNCH cohort). The mutational landscape of HNCH patients was compared with TCGA patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with presence of these mutations. Genetically modified LUAD PC9 cells were established to evaluate the sensitivity of selected EGFR rare compound mutations to different EGFR-TKIs. Results A total of 574 single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 270 indels, 88 amplifications, and 87 rearrangements were identified in this study, with EGFR and KRAS being the most frequently mutated genes. Females, mostly life-long non-smokers, had significantly higher EGFR mutation rates than males. Males, primarily smokers, more frequently had KRAS mutations. HNCH patients in general had a higher mutation count than TCGA patients (1.09 vs 0.93 mutations per patient (m/p)), in consistent with its higher proportion of patients with advanced disease. Rare EGFR compound mutations identified in this study, including Exon19del plus L747S/I744V and L858R plus V843I/T854A/G873, conferred genetically modified PC9 cells more sensitive to second-generation EGFR-TKI afatinib in-vivo . Conclusion This NGS-based 8-gene test efficiently identified over 70% of Chinese treatment-naive LUAD patients who are targetable for TKIs. Patients with rare EGFR compound mutations might consider second-generation EGFR-TKIs for treatment.
A new water soluble coronene bisimide derivative (CTDI) was designed and synthesized. CTDI self-assembled in an aqueous solution and formed supramolecular nanofibers through π-π stacking and hydrophobic interactions. The nanofibers exhibit distinct peroxidase-like catalytic activity, and can catalyze the redox reaction of 3,3,5,5-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Clear assay solution color changes were observed. The peroxidase-like catalytic property was utilized for the sensitive detection of H2O2 and glucose. The assay shows excellent sensitivity, and 1 μM of glucose could be easily detected. Glucose detection in dilute human blood samples was also demonstrated, and the results were verified using a commercial glucose meter. Our method is simple, convenient, sensitive and selective, and could facilitate the sensing of glucose in relation to biological and biomedical research applications.
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Objective
To investigate the effects of Ramsay sedation score on the nursing intervention for children undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) .
Methods
By retrospective non-random sampling, a total of 30 children treated with CRRT in Anhui Children's Hospital from January 2016 to May 2017 were assigned into the control group and nursed according to the standard operating procedures of CRRT for children. Another 30 children treated with CRRT from June 2017 to September 2018 were put into the observation group and the Ramsay sedation score was applied to adjust the sedation administration plan according to the results and doctors' prescriptions, and nursing intervention was given at the early stage of agitation. Machine alarm, complications and adverse events were compared between the two groups.
Results
After nursing intervention with Ramsay sedation score, the incidence of complications including machine alarm (1 time) , failed bloodletting (1 time) , bleeding at catheter puncture point (4 cases) and unplanned accidental termination of treatment (1 time) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group with statistical significance (P<0.05) .
Conclusions
Ramsay sedation score is simple and practical to apply and it is convenient for pediatric blood purification specialized nurses to evaluate its function. It can effectively reduce incidences of CRRT machine alarm, complications and adverse events.
Key words:
Nursing care; Child; Intervention studies; Ramsay sedation score; Continuous renal replacement therapy
The structure of water at the graphene oxide (GO)/water interface has received considerable attention due to the high performance of GO in a wide number of applications. In this work, a face-up geometry of sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy was employed to deduce the structure of water at the GO/water interface in which GO nanosheets were covered onto the water surface via Langmuir compression. The SFG results showed that the intense OH stretching bands at the range of 3000–3600 cm–1 were predominant in the spectrum with high GO coverage, which is mainly due to the third-order susceptibility χ(3) response from the water orientation in the electrical double layer induced by the static electric field of the negatively charged GO surface. In addition, the second-order susceptibility χ(2) response was relatively weak, suggesting that a few water molecules formed a H-bonding network within the closest GO surface. This work is beneficial to the in-depth understanding of water in contact with GO-based materials.
Development of biocompatible and bioactive drug-loaded sutures is considered as an effective but challenging strategy for the wound healing process by delivering biological drugs (e.g., antibiotics) or growth factors (e.g., bFGF) at the surgical wound sites. Conventional offline suture strategies often lead to fast and uncontrollable release of drugs at wound sites, rendering wound healing to become a longer and painful process for patients. Herein, we propose an online suture strategy to fabricate electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous yarns, incorporated with both collagen (COL) and bFGF, to produce bFGF-COL@PCL sutures. Upon demonstrating the well-oriented and aligned fibrous microstructure, high mechanical properties, and controlled release of bFGF from bFGF-COL@PCL sutures in vitro, we then applied bFGF-COL@PCL sutures to an incision wound healing mouse model in vivo. Further in vivo study showed that as compared to the commercialized Vicryl suture, bFGF-COL@PCL sutures significantly promoted the wound healing at different stages by accelerating granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization. The enhanced wound healing efficiency of bFGF-COL@PCL sutures is likely attributed to two synergistic factors: (i) the well-oriented nanofibrous structure reduces tissue drag to minimize their trauma and (ii) the presence of both collagen and bFGF enhances the basement membrane (BM) reconstruction, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis. This work demonstrates an effective suture strategy and system for surgical suture applications.
NO- 3 concentrations in shallow groundwater beneath Zhangye ranged from 1.69 to 149.6mg/L,averaging 54.17±41.97mg/L in 15 samples.High NO- 3 concentrations was mainly distrubited in the northwestern part in the sewage irrigation area and secondly in the eastern part in the non-sewate irrigation area; Deep groundwater had NO- 3 concentrations ranging from 3.89 to 82.85mg/L,averaging 35.65±28.08mg/L in 15 samples.The distribution of high NO- 3 concentrations was mainly in the urban area,the southern part and the western part.The shallow groundwater in the northwestern part in the sewage irrigation area had NO- 3-δ 15N values ranging from +9‰ to +14‰,and not only high NO- 3 concentrations,but also a high levels of NH+ 4(as much as 105mg/L),which indicated NO- 3 in the groundwater derived from irrigated effluents.Shallow groundwater in the eastern part in the non-sewage irrigation area had NO- 3-δ 15N values ranging from +9‰ to +11‰,indicative of localized pollution by animal or sewage waste.The deep groundwater in the urban area,the southern part and the western part had mostly NO- 3-δ 15N values ranging from +4‰ to +7‰,indicating that NO- 3 in the groundwater derived from the mineralization of soil organic nitrogen.Integration of correlation diagrams of Na against Cl- or δ 15N against NO- 3 further revealed an obvious fertilizer contributions for the light end of δ 15N of the soil organic range.
Polypropylene is a potential material for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces. In this paper, two isotactic polypropylenes made from a metallocene catalyst (miPP) and Ziegler–Natta catalyst (ziPP) were employed to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces. The results showed that the superhydrophobicity and thermal stability of the miPP film were much better than those of the ziPP film. The water contact angle (CA) and sliding angle (SA) of the miPP film were 155° and 10°, respectively, after being heated at 100 °C for 5 h, while the water CA and SA of the ziPP film were 135° and 90°, respectively. This difference in the thermal stability was attributed to the miPP easily forming a surface crystalline layer on the microsized particles, which resulted in an increased roughness and improved thermal stability. These results were supported by the dyeing experiment, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images, and selected-area electron diffraction patterns. Furthermore, the morphology and roughness of the spin-coated miPP and ziPP films were explored by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the results also showed that the good thermal stability of miPP film resulted from the increased crystallinity.
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