The concentration of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the root and aboveground organs of three halophyte species (Salicornia europaea, Suaeda maritima and Salsola soda) as well as in the soil where they grew from maritime and inland saline areas were investigated. The aim of our research was to evaluate the capability of some halophyte species to absorb different cations and to find if there exists differentiation of salt accumulation between populations from inland and maritime saline areas. In five analyzed localities (Tivatska solila, Ulcinj salina, Slano Kopovo, Melenci, Okanj), external Na+ concentrations exceeded other investigated cations. Our investigated halophytes accumulate more Na+ than the Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ and more cations were recorded in aboveground organs than in the root. Populations from maritime saline area generally had higher cation concentrations than plants from inland saline area.
There is a lack of information on differences between organic and conventional soil management practices effects on the soil organic matter and aggregate fractions.Therefore, our research aimed to investigate those land-use systems to better understand the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil structural properties in field crops production.For the purpose of this study, six locations under winter wheat, representing Haplic Chernozem soil type, were surveyed at 0-30 cm depth.On average, the distribution of soil aggregate fractions and soil organic matter (SOM) content was comparable in organic and conventional farms.Higher content of total and labile SOC was obtained from >2000 μm fraction being most important fraction in the turnover of soil organic matter.The degree of C saturation turned out to be an important regulator of SOC stability and turnover rates while carbon sequestration rate (2.64-2.84kg m -2 ) indicated the high potential of C increase in Chernozem soil.Detection of soil quality improvement in organic farming systems requires a longer period of time due to changes in utilization and a management practices.Direct links between labile carbon and soil physical condition are being pursued to help organic farmers manage soil resources more efficiently.
The relationship between soil carbon fractions in Chernozem soils was assessed in soil samples of three different environments: arable soil, grassland and oak for?est. Grassland and oak forest had higher soil organic carbon (SOC), carbon soluble in hot water (HWC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated carbon (MOC) than the arable soil. The POC/MOC ratio was lowest in arable soil, indicating a smaller carbon pool for microbial turnover. POC increases with higher total SOC, indicating that the pres?ervation of organic matter depends on the renewal of labile fractions. Our results showed that fertilization had active role in soil carbon stabilization, while crop rotation had less effect on a soil carbon turnover. Our result could contribute to the better understanding of SOC fractions composition and relevance in Chernozem soil, thus could help in selection of cropping management systems for SOC preservation.
Topography-induced microclimate differences determine the local spatial variation of soil characteristics as topographic factors may play the most essential role in changing the climatic pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with respect to the slope gradient and aspect, and to quantify their influence on SOC within different land use/cover classes. The study area is the Region of Niš in Serbia, which is characterized by complex topography with large variability in the spatial distribution of SOC. Soil samples at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm were collected from different slope gradients and aspects in each of the three land use/cover classes. The results showed that the slope aspect significantly influenced the spatial distribution of SOC in the forest and vineyard soils, where N- and NW-facing soils had the highest level of organic carbon in the topsoil. There were no similar patterns in the uncultivated land. No significant differences were found in the subsoil. Organic carbon content was higher in the topsoil, regardless of the slope of the terrain. The mean SOC content in forest land decreased with increasing slope, but the difference was not statistically significant. In vineyards and uncultivated land, the SOC content was not predominantly determined by the slope gradient. No significant variations across slope gradients were found for all observed soil properties, except for available phosphorus and potassium. A positive correlation was observed between SOC and total nitrogen, clay, silt, and available phosphorus and potassium, while a negative correlation with coarse sand was detected. The slope aspect in relation to different land use/cover classes could provide an important reference for land management strategies in light of sustainable development.
The soil fertility isdetermined byits compositionand properties.Soil properties have a strong impact on a range of processes influencing crop yield, including microbial diversit y. The distribution of microorganismsin soilis influenced by numerousabioticand bioticfactors,primarily bysoiltype,plantspecies,soil usage and tillage , useoforganicand mineralfertilizers ,irrigation, pesticideapplication,etc. Therephore, t he objective of this study was to examine the distribution of microorganismsin different types of agricultural soils in the Vojvodina Province. The distribution of soil microbes was assessed on the basis of indirect dilution method on appropriate nutritiv e media. The total number of microorganisms was determined on soil agar, the number of azotobacters onnitrogen-free medium using �fertile dropsmethod, ammonifiers on mesopepton agarMPA, N-fixing bacteria on Fiodor medium, actinomycetes on synthetic medium and fungi on Czapek -Dox agar.Incubation temperature was 28∞C, while incubation time depended on the tested group of microorganisms. All investigated microbial groups were found in all locations. Number of the microorganisms was uneven by type of soi l. Studies have shown that the highest total number of bacteria was obtained on humogley and chernozem, in the l ocations of Beej, Begejci and Kula. The highest distribution was recorded on chernozem, at the locations where the plough-field and harvest residues of maize were found, as well as on fluvisol and humogley. The highest number of ammonium-fixing bacteria w as recorded in Zrenjanin, on chernozem. N-fixing bacteria were the most abundant on cambisol, in the locations of Petrovaradin and Vraac, as well as on chernozem, in the locations of Crna Bara , Orlovat,Popinci and Kula. The results showed that the highest number of actinomycetes was obtained in�}ednik, on chernozem. The highest number of fungi was observed in Petrovaradin and Vraac, on cambisol. On average, abundance of the most studied microbial groups was the lowest in arenosol, solonchak, solonetz and pseudogley, while the highest distribution was obtained in chernozem, humogley, cambisol and fluvisol.