Abstract Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in maize grains is detrimental to human health. Developing maize varieties with low Cd content is important for safe consumption of maize grains. However, the key genes controlling maize grain Cd accumulation have not been cloned. Here, we identified one major locus for maize grain Cd accumulation (qCd1) using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and bulked segregant RNA-seq analysis with a biparental segregating population of Jing724 (low-Cd line) and Mo17 (high-Cd line). The candidate gene ZmHMA3 was identified by fine mapping and encodes a tonoplast-localized heavy metal P-type ATPase transporter. An ethyl methane sulfonate mutant analysis and an allelism test confirmed that ZmHMA3 influences maize grain Cd accumulation. A transposon in intron 1 of ZmHMA3 is responsible for the abnormal amino acid sequence in Mo17. Based on the natural sequence variations in the ZmHMA3 gene of diverse maize lines, four PCR-based molecular markers were developed, and these were successfully used to distinguish five haplotypes with different grain Cd contents in the GWAS panel and to predict grain Cd contents of widely used maize inbred lines and hybrids. These molecular markers can be used to breed elite maize varieties with low grain Cd contents.
Abstract Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intake have adverse health effects. This study evaluated the iodine level and salt intake in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years after implementing the salt reduction program and compared with both the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese recommendations. Adults aged 18–59 years were randomly selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling in coastal urban area (CUA), non-coastal urban area (Non-CUA), coastal rural area (CRA), and non-coastal rural area (Non-CRA) of Fujian Province, China. Iodine, sodium, and creatinine concentrations in spot urine samples were measured. Knudsen equation was used to determine 24-h urinary iodine and sodium excretion. The median urinary iodine concentration (mUIC) and urinary sodium concentration (mUNaC) among adults ( n = 3513) were 132.0 μg/L and 4.0 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and median daily iodine intake in CUA, Non-CUA, CRA and Non-CRA were 112.1, 127.5, 128.5, 167.5 μg/L and 189.6, 182.5, 199.4, 236.0 μg/d, respectively. The mUNaC and median daily salt intake (mDSI) in these four areas were 2.4, 2.8, 2.9, 2.9 g/L and 9.8, 10.4, 10.4, 10.6 g/d, respectively. The mUIC and DII of residents were higher in the Non-CRA than in the other three areas ( P < 0.05). The UNaC and DSI of residents were lower in the CUA than in the other three areas ( P < 0.05). The logistic regression demonstrated that the people living in CUA and Non-CUA consumed less salt compared with those in Non-CRA. Except for Non-CUA, the DII was lower (< 150 μg/d) among women of childbearing age in the low–salt intake group (< 5 g/d) compared with the high–salt intake group (≥ 5 g/d) ( P < 0.05). Iodine nutrition in Chinese adults aged 18–59 years was sufficient, but the salt intake was substantially higher than the WHO and Chinese recommendations. Further policy implementation is needed to reduce salt intake and improve the monitoring of iodine levels in Chinese adults, especially in women of childbearing age.
A fire extinguisher exploded in a department building.It caused 2 persons in juried.In order to prevent the occurrence of similar accidents,some emergency measures were put forward.The investigation and analysis were carried out on the accident causes and the responsibilities.The case was transferred to the public security organs as a criminal case according to the relative laws eventually.
Objective
To understand the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 years old and pregnant women in the new standard iodized salt pilot areas of Fujian Province, and to analyze the rationality of urine specific gravity correction for urinary iodine.
Methods
In the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th and 21th months after supplying of new standard iodized salt in March 2012, the first to sixth phases′ assessment were conducted in Xindian Town of Xiang′an District, Xiamen City and Yongfu Town, Xinqiao Town of Zhangping City, Longyan City. Totally 200 children aged 8 to 10 years old and 50 pregnant women were selected from each town, home salt samples and urine samples were collected, salt iodine, urinary iodine and urine specific gravity were tested. Salt iodine was detected by General Test in Salt Industry-Determination of (GB/T 13025.7-2012); urinary iodine was detected by Method for Determination of Iodine in Urine by As3+-Ce4+ Catalytic Spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006); urine specific gravity was detected by digital refractometer.
Results
From the first to sixth phases′ assessment, the iodized salt coverage rates of children aged 8 to 10 years old and pregnant women were > 95%, the edible rates of qualified iodized salt were > 90%. The measured medians of urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years old were 216.7, 219.5, 188.1, 206.7, 209.2, and 201.0 μg/L, respectively; except the third phase′s assessment, which was in the iodine appropriate level (100-199 μg/L), the other five phases′ assessment were all higher than the iodine appropriate level (200-299 μg/L); the medians of urinary iodine of children aged 8 to 10 years old after urine specific gravity correction were 215.0, 213.6, 197.3, 202.9, 204.3, and 197.7 μg/L, respectively; there were no significant differences in urinary iodine between the measured and urine specific gravity correction (Z=-0.131, -0.183, -1.052, -1.180, -0.311, -0.368, P > 0.05). The measured medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 134.0, 132.2, 120.9, 115.6, 113.3, and 123.3 μg/L, respectively, which were in the iodine deficiency level (< 150 μg/L); the medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women after urine specific gravity correction were 207.3, 197.1, 168.8, 158.3, 171.8, and 181.7 μg/L, respectively; there were significant differences in urinary iodine between the measured and urine specific gravity correction (Z=-6.419, -6.406, -5.990, -6.648, -7.008, -8.034, P < 0.01).
Conclusions
The iodine nutrition of children aged 8 to 10 years old is appropriate in the new standard iodized salt pilot areas of Fujian Province, while that of pregnant women is mild iodine deficiency. Further research is needed to use urine specific gravity to calibrate the concentration of urinary iodine to assess the iodine nutritional level of the focused populations in the regions.
Key words:
Child; Pregnant women; Salts; Urine; Iodine; Urine specific gravity
Objective
To analyze the iodine nutritional status among pregnant women, breastfeeding women, 0 - 2 years old infants, 8 - 10 years old children, 18 - 45 years old women and men in both urban and rural areas of Xiamen 3 years after promotion of new standard iodized salt.
Methods
The Huli and Xiang'an were selected as the urban and rural study sites in Xiamen City, from March 2015 to March 2016. Each study site was further divided into five geographic locations(east, south, west, north and center). In each location, one township was randomly selected. In each town, 2 tap water samples, 60 salt samples of residents, and urine samples of 40 children aged from 8 - 10 years old, 20 pregnant women, 12 breastfeeding women, 0 - 2 years old infants, 18 - 45 years old women and men were collected to determine the iodine level. The water iodine and urinary iodine were detected by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry; salt iodine was detected by direct titration.
Results
The medians of salt iodine in urban and rural were 23.0 and 25.3 μg/L, respectively. The coverage rates of iodized salt in urban and rural area were 99.3% (298/300) and 94.0% (282/300), respectively. The consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 93.7% (281/300) and 90.7% (272/300), respectively. The medians of tap water iodine in urban and rural were 4.1 and 4.4 μg/L, respectively. In urban and rural areas, the medians of urinary iodine of pregnant women were 167.6 and 119.6 μg/L, respectively. The medians of urinary iodine of breastfeeding women were 121.6 and 101.2 μg/L, respectively. The medians of urinary iodine of infants were 165.9 and 110.5 μg/L, respectively. The medians of urinary iodine of children were 208.9 and 167.2 μg/L, respectively. The medians of urinary iodine of women aged 18 - 45 were 132.5 and 154.5 μg/L, respectively. The medians of urinary iodine of men aged 18 - 45 were 131.7 and 154.5 μg/L, respectively.
Conclusions
After 3 year promotion of new standard iodized salt, the iodine status of pregnant women in urban, breastfeeding women, 0 - 2 years old infants, children aged 8 to 10 and adults aged 18 to 45 is adequate, but the pregnant women in rural has showed iodine deficiency. So surveillance and health education should be continuously strengthened in the future. Scientific salt iodization should continue to ensure the amount of iodine intake.
Key words:
Iodine; Nutrition; Monitoring; Urine; Salts
Background Iodine deficiency is a major public health problem in pregnant women. Serum iodine (SI) may represent a useful biomarker for iodine nutrition evaluation. We aimed to assess the relationship between serum iodine concentration (SIC) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC), dietary iodine, thyroid function, and thyroid diseases in pregnant women in the southeast coast of China, and to provide a normal reference range of SIC for pregnant women. Methods A multistage random sampling method was used to select the study population. We collected urine and blood samples from pregnant women and determined UIC and SIC as well as thyroid function using Arsenic-Cerium Catalytic Spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and Beckman Coulter Access2 chemiluminescent immunoanalyzer and kit, respectively, and administered a questionnaire on dietary iodine intake in pregnant women. Results There was a significant negative correlation between SI and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ( r = −0.141) and a significant positive correlation between SI and free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ) ( r = 0.106), free thyroxine (FT 4 ) ( r = 0.236), triiodothyronine (TT 3 ) ( r = 0.229), total thyroxine (TT 4 ) ( r = 0.433), and dietary iodine intake ( r = 0.068). There was a significant difference in SI levels of pregnancy between the second (78.13 μg/L) and third trimester (75.37 μg/L) ( p = 0.018). SI levels between inadequate intake (74.58 μg/L) and appropriate intake (77.92 μg/L) groups were statistically different ( p = 0.036). Low SIC was a risk factor for the development of hypothyroxinemia (adjusted OR = 3.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.75–5.66). The reference range for SIC in normal pregnant women is 45.03–112.44 μg/L. Conclusion SI may be a composite indicator of iodine nutritional status and thyroid function.
In order to help the students to change their role from a student to a doctor as soon as possible during the clerkship, a series of guidance and training are arranged for them, including education upon department entrance and examination rule of obstetrics and gynecology so that the students could be familiar with their work as soon as possible. The quality of teaching and learning has been improved.
Key words:
Obstetrics and gynecology; Department entrance; Examination; Role
Objective To investigate the health status of university faculty.Methods The healthy physical examination results of teaching staff in Beijing University of Technology in 2012 were statistically analyzed.Results Among 4 191people,3 678 were examined abnormal.The prevalence rate was 87.97％.A total of 36 kinds of diseases were detected,and mainly in chronic diseases such as pharyngitis,fatty liver,hyperlipidemia,hypertension,breast hyperplasi a,diabetes or fasting glucose ≥7.00mmol/L and others.The prevalence rate in the male staff was significantly higher than that in female staff(all P ＜ 0.05).Condusion College teachers' health condition is not optimistic.Necessary preventive measures such as regularly medical examinations,strengthening health care and education should be taken and implemented.
Key words:
Examination; Teachers and staff members
Objective To probe a new pattern of health education on iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) among students.Methods A activity of true or false iodized salt test was conducted in some school of Tong'an district. Some schools having not carried out the activity can be as control group.Results A project for distinguishing between the true and the false iodized salt in students was launched , so the percentage of understanding IDD knowledge was 96.1% in students and 70.0% in housewives. In another school of the same area in which the project was not launched, the percentage of understanding IDD knowledge was only 67.9% in students and 57.9% in housewives. There were significantly difference. The percentage of understanding IDD knowledge was 17.0% in students and was 14.1% in housewives in the control county.Conclusions The test activity of true or false iodized salt in school is effective for student health education on IDD.
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