The aims of this research are to determine the effect of the concentration addition level of karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) fruit extract on the quality of yogurt during 9 d storage period to increase the functionality of yogurt as a probiotic food, a source of antioxidants and the use of karamunting as a natural colorant for food. This research used a completely randomized design consisting of two factors, that is the concentration of karamunting fruit extract which consisted of 4 addition levels (0%, 12%, 15% and 18% w/w) and the storage period of yogurt which also consisted of 4 levels (0 d, 3 ds, 6 d and 9 ds). The parameters that have been observed in this research were pH, total acid, water content, fat content, protein content, color analysis, antioxidant activity and organoleptic tests (aroma, taste, viscosity and color) of the yogurt. The results showed that karamunting fruit extract had a significant effect on pH, total acid, color L*, a* and b*, and organoleptic (aroma, viscosity and color) of the yogurt, but had no significant effect on water content, fat content, protein content and flavor of the yogurt. Storage period had a significant effect on pH, total acid, protein content, color L*, a* and b*, and organoleptic (aroma, taste, viscosity and color) of the yogurt, but had no significant effect on water content and fat content of the yogurt. The addition of 18% (w/w) karamunting fruit extract and 9 d of storage period resulted in yogurt with the characteristics as follows pH 4.2; total acid 1.57%; water content 87.05%; fat content 3.66%; protein content 2.7%; color L* 72,24; a* 8.28; and b* 9.38 and organoleptic (aroma, taste, thickness and color) which were quite favorable, as well as a strong antioxidant activity value of 85.35 ppm IC50.
Peramalan harga tanaman pangan perlu dirancang untuk memberikan stimulus kepada para pengambil keputusan terkait dengan kebijakan stabilisasi harga pangan, tendensi harga masa depan, dan jadwal tanam yang dapat memaksimumkan laba. Kajian dilakukan berdasarkan tingkat harga bulanan komoditas tanaman pangan bulan Januari 2000-Juli 2011 di Kabupaten Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. Metode penilaian Mean Square Error (MSE) dan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) dengan toleransi validitas 15 persen digunakan untuk menentukan komoditas tanaman pangan dari 324 percobaan yang memiliki performansi terbaik. Dari 6 jenis komoditas tanaman pangan yang menjadi objek kajian, arsitektur JST yang paling baik diperoleh dari komoditas beras IR64 dengan arsitekur [12 – 32 – 1], nilai laju pembelajaran 1,75 dan kisaran transformasi data terletak pada [0 dan 1], dengan nilai MSE dan MAPE pelatihan, pengujian dan validasi berturut-turut adalah [0,00125 dan 2,807 %], [0,0219 dan 3,289 %], [0,0244 dan 3,575 %]. Kata kunci : sistem pendukung keputusan, jaringan syaraf tiruan, peramalan harga, tanaman pangan.
IbM Rice Farmers Empowerment Using SRI (System of Rice Intensification) in District Namorambe was held in Namorambe and Cinta Rakyat Village involving two partners who work as rice farmers. The problems of Mitra 1 in Namorambe Village are (a) number of seeds used 40-50 kg / ha, (b) seed age 20-25 days, (c) planting range 15x15 cm, (e) number of planting plants 4-5 seedlings (f) artificial fertilizer 400kg urea / ha + 150kg SP-36 / ha + 150kg KCl / ha, (g) watering elevation 20-25 cm. The problems of Mitra 2 in Cinta Rakyat Village are (a) the remaining rice straw is not processed, (b) the haystack becomes the pest of rats and fungi, (c) the soil hardens and quickly dries, (d) the straw is burned. IbM program is implemented using participatory approach, training, extension method and descriptive approach method. Impact of empowerment at Mitra 1 has been able to carry out the manufacture of paddy field plot of SRI method with production of 875 kg / 1000 m² (8.75 tons / ha); an increase in production of about 3.45 tons / ha or equivalent to 65.09%. Impact of empowerment at Mitra 2 that has been able to produce organic fertilizer from the remaining straw; has been able to manage the remaining rice straw to prevent pests and diseases; not burn the rest of the straw; and able to utilize organic fertilizer to enrich the soil.
Serangan pandemi Covid-19 telah membuka kesadaran kita mengenai pentingnya menjaga kesehatan tubuh sekaligus meningkatkan imunitas tubuh. Kasus suspect Covid-19 ternyata lebih tinggi terjadi pada daerah yang masyarakatnya memiliki pola makan tidak beragam. Penyuluhan kepada masyarakat mengenai Pedoman Gizi Seimbang (PGS), isi piringku dan makanan berimbang, bergizi, dan beragam (B3) perlu dilakukan kepada kaum ibu mengingat perannya dalam penyediaan makanan bagi keluarga. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat dilaksanakan di Gereja Kristen Injili Nusantara (GKIN) Desa Bakaran Batu, Kecamatan Lubuk Pakam Kabupaten Deli Serdang. Peserta penyuluhan adalah kaum ibu dari jemaat GKIN dengan jumlah 22 orang. Penyuluhan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan peserta mengenai makanan sehat, dan mampu memanfaatkan bahan pangan lokal yang ada disekitar lingkungan tempat tinggal untuk meningkatkan gizi makanan keluarga. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilaksanakan secara tatap muka langsung dengan peserta kegiatan. Materi makanan sehat dipresentasikan kepada peserta dan dilanjutkan dengan praktik pembuatan mi labu kuning dan bakso wortel. Hasil uji Wicoxon menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pemahaman kaum ibu terhadap makanan sehat dan mampu membuat produk makanan sehat mi labu kuning dan bakso wortel dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan produk lokal. Penyuluhan kepada kaum ibu Gereja Kristen Injili Nusantara (GKIN) Bakaran Batu berhasil mencapai sasaran.
Kata kunci : Covid-19, isi piringku, makanan sehat, pangan lokal, pedoman gizi seimbang.
Meningkatkan produksi beras sebagai bahan pangan utama di Indonesia merupakan tantangan ketahanan pangan. Ketersediaan produksi dapat ditempuh tanpa harus meningkatkan penggunaan sumberdaya alam melalui peningkatan produktivitas lahan, mengingat masih besarnya kesenjangan antara produksi yang dihasilkan petani dan potensi yang dapat dicapai. Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi di Kecamatan Namorambe, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara, melalui penyuluhan dan pelatihan yang bersifat partisipatip dengan implementasi langsung pada areal usahatani petani peserta (demonstrasi plot), meliputi: (i) pemupukan tepat (jenis, jumlah dan waktu aplikasi), (ii) teknik sederhana seleksi benih, (iii) teknik sederhana pengolahan jerami (limbah produksi padi) menjadi pupuk organik yang diaplikasikan dalam budidaya padi, dan (iv) teknik penanaman padi metode SRI (system of rice intensification) dengan dua bibit per lubang tanam dengan umur bibit lebih pendek. Hasil yang diperoleh: (i) produksi padi meningkat dari sekitar 5,4 ton menjadi 8,75 ton/ha (peningkatan 62 %), (ii) penggunaan bibit berkurang dari 40-50 kg menjadi 10 kg/ha (turun 75 – 80 %), biaya pengolahan tanah dan penggunaan pupuk (Urea, SP-36 dan KCl) berkurang 50 %, dan (iii) petani mampu mengolah limbah panen padi (jerami) menjadi pupuk organik yang penggunaannya akan meningkatkan kualitas tanah. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat dikembangkan dari tingkat demplot menjangkau kelompok masyarakat yang lebih luas sehingga teknik budidaya ini semakin cepat diadopsi oleh petani padi di Sumatera Utara.
Kata kunci: Ketahanan Pangan, Iptek bagi Masyarakat (IbM), Metode SRI (system of rice intensification), pengomposan pupuk organik, Sumatera Utara
ABSTRACT
Keywords: Food security, Sci-tech for community, System of Rice Intensification (SRI), Composting organic fertilizer, North SumatraTo increase rice production as a staple food in Indonesia is a challenge to food security in terms of availability, in line with population growth and an increase in per capita income. The availability of production can be pursued without having to increase the use of natural resources through increasing productivity, given the large gap between the production produced by farmers and the potential that can be achieved. This community service activity (sci-tech for the community) aims to increase rice production in Namorambe District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, through participatory extension education and training with direct implementation in participating farmer’s farm (demonstration plots), including: (i) proper fertilization (type, quantity and time of application), (ii) simple seed selection techniques, (iii) simple composing techniques of paddy straw into organic fertilizers applied in rice cultivation, and (iv) rice planting method SRI (system of rice intensification) with two seeds per planting hole an earlier replanting. Results obtained: (i) rice production increased from about 5.4 tonnes to 8.75 tonnes / ha (an increase of 62%), (ii) the use of seeds was reduced from 40-50 kg to 10 kg / ha (decreased by 75 - 80 %), reducing of land processing costs as well as fertilizer application up to 50 %, and (iii) farmers are able to process rice harvest waste (paddy straw) to become organic fertilizer, which will improve soil quality. It is hoped that this method can be replicated to reach a wider group of farmers at the farm level.
Color had a correlation with physical appearance, nutritional and chemical content as well as sensory properties which determine the quality of agricultural products and foods. Conventional color measurements were performed destructively using laboratory equipment. Therefore, color measurement methods of agricultural products were needed more quickly, accurately and non-destructively. This study aimed to develop a Computer Vision System (CVS) that can be used as a tool to measure the color of fruits. The designed CVS consists of a 60x60x60 cm black mini photo studio; a pair 15 watt LED lighting, sony α6000 digital camera, a set of laptop and an image processing software applications. Image processing software was programmed using VB.Net 2008 programming language. The developed CVS was calibrated using 24 color charts Macbeth Colorchecker (Gretag-Macbeth, USA). The calibration results of 24 color chart of Macbeth Colorchecker was resulted in a MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) value of component R / Red = 0%; G / Green = 0% and B / Blue = 0,5%; with 99% accuracy rate. In color measurement, the developed CVS had a 95% accuracy rate.
Decision Support System Based on Artificial Neural Networks For Food Crop Commodities Price Forecasting was designed to provide a stimulus for decision makers concerning food price stabilization, future price trend and available planting schedule policies which enable to maximize the profit. The main purpose of this study is to make the design of Decision Support System (DSS) by firstly analyzing the architecture of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) that appropriate to be used as forecasting method/model base of the DSS. The study was done by using the monthly prices of the food crop commodities in Sleman Regency, D.I. Yogyakarta province, from January 2000 to July 2011. The best architecture was selected based on the lowest value of Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) from system training, testing and validation result. Then, the best architecture was designed to be the model base of the DSS as well as the database, user interface and elements of knowledge by using the decision support system developing phases and programmed with delphi programming. From the 324 trials unit of the ANN architecture analysis for each commodity, it has been obtained that there was a best ANN architecture for each commodity and valid to be used as the forecasting method with 15% tolerance of MAPE. From 6 varieties of food crop as the object of study, the very best ANN architecture derived from rice IR64 with the architecture [ 12 – 32 – 1], learning rate 1,75 and the transformation range of the data [0 and 1], with consecutive value of MSE and MAPE in training, testing and validation process was [0,00125 and 2,807%], [0,0219 and 3,289%], [0,0244 and 3,575%]. Based on the validation result, the limit of the forecasting period that still valid to be done by the system was in the next 12 months. The result show that the performance of ANN architecture decrease in terms of price fluctuating sharply, due to the lack of some factors that force price fluctuation. Therefore the development of the ANN architecture was needed as the model base of the DSS in order to improve the ability of the system to provide the better decision support. Abstrak Sistem pendukung keputusan berbasis jaringan saraf tiruan untuk peramalan harga tanaman pangan dirancang untuk membantu memberikan stimulus bagi para pengambil keputusan perihal kebijakan stabilisasi harga pangan, tren harga masa depan dan jadwal tanam yang memungkinkan untuk memaksimalisasi keuntungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah rancang bangun Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) dengan terlebih dahulu menganalisis arsitektur Jaringan Saraf Tiruan (JST) yang paling tepat untuk digunakan sebagai metode peramalan/subsistem model SPK. Kajian dilakukan dengan menggunakan tingkat harga bulanan komoditas tanaman pangan di Kabupaten Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta bulan Januari 2000 – Juli 2011. Arsitektur JST terbaik dipilih berdasarkan pada nilai Mean Square Error (MSE) dan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) yang paling kecil dari hasil pelatihan, pengujian dan validasi sistem. Arsitektur terbaik kemudian dirancang menjadi subsistem model SPK bersamaan dengan basis data, tampilan antarmuka dan komponen pengetahuan dengan menggunakan fase-fase perancangan sistem pendukung keputusan dan diprogram dengan bahasa pemrograman delphi. Dari 324 percobaan analisis arsitektur JST untuk masing-masing komoditas, diperoleh satu arsitektur JST dengan performa terbaik untuk masing-masing komoditas dan valid untuk digunakan sebagai metode peramalan dengan toleransi MAPE 15%. Dari 6 jenis komoditas tanaman pangan yang menjadi objek kajian, arsitektur JST yang paling baik diperoleh dari komoditas beras IR64 dengan arsitekur [12 – 32 – 1], nilai laju pembelajaran 1,75 dan kisaran transformasi data terletak pada [0 dan 1], dengan nilai MSE dan MAPE pelatihan, pengujian dan validasi berturut-turut adalah [0,00125 dan 2,807%], [0,0219 dan 3,289%], [0,0244 dan 3,575%]. Berdasarkan hasil validasi, batas jangka waktu peramalan maksimal yang valid untuk dilakukan oleh sistem adalah selama 12 bulan ke depan. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa arsitektur JST yang digunakan mengalami penurunan performa pada bagian pola harga yang berfluktuasi dengan tajam, hal ini disebabkan karena arsitektur JST yang digunakan tidak memperhitungkan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya fluktuasi harga, untuk itu perlu pengembangan arsitektur JST sebagai subsistem model SPK guna meningkatkan kemampuan sistem memberikan dukungan keputusan yang lebih baik.
The fruits lemon pepper ( Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) are commonly used as flavouring in fresh form. Meanwhile, the lemon pepper fruits are perishable and easily attacked by fungi and loss its colour and fragrance. In this study, during a 4-week storage, the effects of drying temperature (40, 50, 60 and 70 o C) in a hot oven on water content, aroma and taste intensity of lemon pepper powder were evaluated. The initial average moisture content of fresh lemon pepper is 68,5 %. Among the four drying temperature that were used, 40 o C and 70 o C showed no significant different effect on water content, while 50 o C and 60 o C produced a lower water content. The intensity of the aroma and taste of lemon pepper decreases significantly with the increase of drying temperature. The moisture content, aroma and taste intensity were also decreased significantly during the experimental storage period (4 weeks). Our experiment has shown that lemon pepper powder dried at 40 o C has a lower water content and can maintain aroma and taste better than lemon pepper dried at 50–70 o C in a hot air oven. Therefore, the drying temperature of 40 o C is a better option for drying lemon pepper.
